First record of Oligobregma Kudenov & Blake, 1975 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil with the description of three new species.

Oligobregma represents the most speciose genus of Scalibregmatidae with 17 valid species. Most of them occur at great depths and are found living on soft bottoms. Here, we present the descriptions of O.

New species of Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901 (Annelida: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil.

Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901 is a small genus of the family Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867. Currently, a total of eight valid species are accepted. Of these, the majority are found at great depths.

Unravelling the diversity of Scalibregma Rathke, 1843 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Scalibregmatidae) from southeast Brazilian coast.

Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867 is a relatively small family of annelids, with only two taxa reported to Brazil. In this work, we expand the scientific knowledge of this group by presenting two new Scalibregma Rathke, 1843 species. The new species S.

Impact of a nuclear power station effluent on marine forests: A case study in SE Brazil and insights for global warming scenarios.

One of the main disturbances caused by coastal nuclear power plants is the discharge of thermal effluents capable of affecting a number of marine systems, including macroalgal forests that support key ecosystem services such as carbon uptake, fisheries increment and coastal protection. This study aimed at describing the long-term trend (1992-2022) in the abundance of Sargassum forests from sites located inside and outside areas affected by the thermal effluent discharged by the Brazilian Nuclear Power Station (BNPS) and at evaluating the relationship between Sargassum cover and seawater temperature. This information is interesting to provide insights on whether and how Sargassum populations would likely be affected by increasing temperature due to climate change.

Temporal dynamics of benthic communities in a hypereutrophic bay through functional groups and abiotic variables.

This study aimed to examine the benthic structure of Guanabara Bay's (GB) rocky shores through Functional Diversity (FD) perspective. Over a five-year period, benthic communities were periodically examined using photographic samples from the meso-littoral zone. FD were analysed using the Rao Index of marine macroalgae and benthic invertebrates' functional groups (FGs) and their relationship was investigated through null models, considering temporal, geographical, and environmental variations.

Unstable environment of coastal lagoons drives genetic variation in the amphipod Quadrivisio lutzi.

The freshwater/brackish amphipod Quadrivisio lutzi inhabits coastal lagoons, highly unstable environments subject to sudden inflow of marine water. Our aim was to evaluate how the genetic composition varies in these populations. Brazilian populations were compared by 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences.

Glacier retreat effects on the distribution of benthic assemblages in Martel Inlet (Admiralty Bay, Antarctica).

The Antarctic environment has special characteristics that influence the local marine life. The benthic organisms, adapted to these extreme conditions of life, are subject nowadays to effects of climate change. Recently, the consequences of glacier retreat on these assemblages have been observed in many West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) regions, including King George Island (KGI).

Assessing the vulnerability of endangered and endemic brooding sea urchin Cassidulus mitis in response to climate change: Impacts on larvae and settlers in the southwestern Atlantic.

Echinoderms play important roles in marine ecosystems and exhibit high sensitivity to environmental changes. The echinoid Cassidulus mitis has been considered an endangered species due to its restricted geographic distribution and unique reproductive behavior, with an epibenthic lecithotrophic larva and offspring brooded among the female spines during initial development until the settler stage. We studied the effects of low salinities (30 and 26) and high temperatures (27 and 31 °C) on the early development of C.

Global meta-analysis of urbanization stressors on insect abundance, richness, and traits.

Anthropic stressors are among the greatest concerns in nature conservation. Among these, deforestation and urban expansion are major drivers of habitat loss, which is a major threat to biodiversity. Insects, the largest and most abundant group of animals, are declining at alarming rates.

Distribution of a canopy-forming alga along the Western Atlantic Ocean under global warming: The importance of depth range.

Sargassum species are among the most important canopy-forming algae in the Western Atlantic Ocean (WAO), providing habitat for many species and contributing to carbon uptake. The future distribution of Sargassum and other canopy-forming algae has been modelled worldwide, indicating that their occurrence in many regions is threatened by increased seawater temperature. Surprisingly, despite the recognized variation in vertical distribution of macroalgae, these projections generally do not evaluate their results at different depth ranges.

The Fundão dam failure: Iron ore tailing impact on marine benthic macrofauna.

The Fundão dam failure, the worst environmental disaster in Brazilian history, launched 50 million m of iron ore tailings mud through the Doce River, reaching the Atlantic Ocean. Generally, mine tailings increase the sediment inflow, leading to mud burial of epibenthic macrofauna, and the raise of metal(oid)s concentration causing macrofauna long-term changes. After almost four years, tailings mud was still spreading on the Doce River Shelf, while impacts on marine macrofauna were still unknown.

Correction: A synopsis of Salvatoria McIntosh, 1885 (Annelida: Syllidae: Exogoninae) from Brazilian coastal and oceanic waters.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A synopsis of Salvatoria McIntosh, 1885 (Annelida: Syllidae: Exogoninae) from Brazilian coastal and oceanic waters.

We compiled the records for the genus Salvatoria from Brazilian coastal and oceanic habitats, collected by several projects along the years. Here we present 12 species, eight of which already reported-S. breviarticulata comb.

New apinnate Prionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) species from southeastern Brazil.

Eleven apinnate Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 species were recorded from southeastern Brazil, both from coastal environments and the continental slope. Ten of these species-Prionospio acuta sp. nov.

Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil.

Here we describe two new species in the genus Branchiosyllis Ehlers, 1887 associated with sponges. Branchiosyllis belchiori sp. nov.

New Prionospio and Laubieriellus (Annelida: Spionidae) species from Southeastern Brazil.

Two new Prionospio species-Prionospio solisi sp. nov. and Prionospio nonatoi sp.

Intraspecific genetic structure, divergence and high rates of clonality in an amphi-Atlantic starfish.

Intraspecific genetic diversity and divergence have a large influence on the adaption and evolutionary potential of species. The widely distributed starfish, Coscinasterias tenuispina, combines sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction via fission. Here we analyse the phylogeography of this starfish to reveal historical and contemporary processes driving its intraspecific genetic divergence.

Demystifying the Capitella capitata complex (Annelida, Capitellidae) diversity by morphological and molecular data along the Brazilian coast.

The sibling species of Capitella capitata are globally known for their tolerance to disturbed habitats and the C. capitata complex is often used as an ecological indicator. A recent re-description proposed that C.

Deep sea Syllidae (Annelida, Phyllodocida) from Southwestern Atlantic.

We describe herein ten species of Syllidae from the Southern Brazil continental slope (700-2000 m deep), belonging to the genera Anguillosyllis, Exogone, Parexogone, Prosphaerosyllis, Sphaerosyllis and Syllis. Out of those, three species are new to science and six are formally reported for Brazil for the first time. Some synonymies are proposed and a taxonomic key for all described species of the genus Anguillosyllis is provided.

Mitochondrial genome of the Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus giganteus (Annelida: Serpulidae) reveals a high substitution rate among annelids.

Here we describe, for the first time, the mitochondrial genome of Spirobranchus giganteus (Annelida: Serpulidae) and compare it with all available annelid mitogenomes. The entire mitogenome has 22,058bp in length and bears 12 protein-coding genes (the ATP8 gene is missing), two rRNA, and 24 tRNA genes. The nucleotide composition and GC-skew are surprisingly different from those reported for other annelids.

A quantitative framework to estimate the relative importance of environment, spatial variation and patch connectivity in driving community composition.

Perhaps the most widely used quantitative approach in metacommunity ecology is the estimation of the importance of local environment vs. spatial structuring using the variation partitioning framework. Contrary to metapopulation models, however, current empirical studies of metacommunity structure using variation partitioning assume a space-for-dispersal substitution due to the lack of analytical frameworks that incorporate patch connectivity predictors of dispersal dynamics.

Multiple transisthmian divergences, extensive cryptic diversity, occasional long-distance dispersal, and biogeographic patterns in a marine coastal isopod with an amphi-American distribution.

is a coastal intertidal isopod with a broad distribution spanning the Atlantic and Pacific tropical and temperate coasts of the American continent. Two separate regional studies (one in Panama and one in Chile) revealed the presence of highly genetically divergent lineages, implying that this taxon constitutes a cryptic species complex. The relationships among the lineages found in these two different regions and in the rest of the distribution, however, remain unknown.

The multitentaculate Cirratulidae of the genera Cirriformia and Timarete (Annelida: Polychaeta) from shallow waters of Brazil.

A large number multitentaculate cirratulids have been described worldwide but most are only known through the original descriptions. Type material, voucher and recently collected specimens from Brazil were revisited in order to reveal their true identity and confirm the records of widely distributed species in this region. Six species are described, three of which are new, Cirriformia capixabensis sp.

On the occurrence of the fireworm Eurythoe complanata complex (Annelida, Amphinomidae) in the Mediterranean Sea with an updated revision of the alien Mediterranean amphinomids.

The presence of two species within the Eurythoe complanata complex in the Mediterranean Sea is reported, as well as their geographical distributions. One species, Eurythoe laevisetis, occurs in the eastern and central Mediterranean, likely constituting the first historical introduction to the Mediterranean Sea and the other, Eurythoe complanata, in both eastern and Levantine basins. Brief notes on their taxonomy are also provided and their potential pathways for introduction to the Mediterranean are discussed.

The curious case of Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae): evidence for genetic homogeneity throughout the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent basins.

Over the last few decades, advances in molecular techniques have led to the detection of strong geographic population structure and cryptic speciation in many benthic marine taxa, even those with long-lived pelagic larval stages. Polychaete annelids, in particular, generally show a high degree of population divergence, especially in mitochondrial genes. Rarely have molecular studies confirmed the presence of 'cosmopolitan' species.