In Vitro Biocompatibility Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an important component of the bone mineral phase. It has been used in several applications, such as bone regenerative medicine, tooth implants, drug delivery and oral care cosmetics. In the present study, three different batches of a commercial nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) material were physicochemically-characterized and biologically-evaluated by means of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using appropriate cell lines based on well-established guidelines (ISO10993-5 and OECD 487).

The antibacterial and angiogenic effect of magnesium oxide in a hydroxyapatite bone substitute.

Bone graft infections are serious complications in orthopaedics and the growing resistance to antibiotics is increasing the need for antibacterial strategies. The use of magnesium oxide (MgO) is an interesting alternative since it possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Additionally, magnesium ions also play a role in bone regeneration, which makes MgO more appealing than other metal oxides.

Nano-hydroxyapatite in oral care cosmetics: characterization and cytotoxicity assessment.

Nano-hydroxyapatite has been used as an oral care ingredient, being incorporated in several products for the treatment of dental hypersensitivity and enamel remineralisation. Despite its promising results, regulatory and safety concerns have been discussed and questioned by the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) regarding the usage of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in oral care products. In this work, a commercially available nano-hydroxyapatite was characterized and its cytocompatibility towards human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated, as well as its irritation potential using the in vitro HET-CAM assay.

Antibacterial bone substitute of hydroxyapatite and magnesium oxide to prevent dental and orthopaedic infections.

Bone substitutes market is growing due to the great demand for bone regenerative therapies. However, most of the actual products available in the market are incapable of inhibiting bacterial colonization, which can lead to tissue infection and possible implant failure. Some bone substitutes are combined with antibiotics to avoid the development of implant-associated infections, but the growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics often makes these products ineffective.

A highly reproducible continuous process for hydroxyapatite nanoparticles synthesis.

This work presents a continuous process for producing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NanoXIM) in a network reactor, NETmix, fed by a calcium solution, a phosphorus solution and an alkaline solution. Hydroxyapatite is considered a biomaterial, used as: food additives and nutritional supplements; bone graft for bone replacement, growth and repair; biocements and coating of metallic implant. Some of the most recent applications include their use in cosmetics, toothpaste and in esthetical treatments for diminishing wrinkles by stimulating conjunctive tissue formation.