Blackcurrant ( L.) improves cholinergic signaling and protects against chronic Scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Background: Blackcurrant ( L.) is a berry rich in anthocyanins, bioactive compounds known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties that benefit human health.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of blackcurrant and its association with Donepezil on memory impairment, cholinergic neurotransmission, and antioxidant systems in a mouse model of amnesia induced by chronic administration of Scopolamine.

Modulatory effects of caffeic acid on purinergic and cholinergic systems and oxi-inflammatory parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Unlabelled: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic hyperglycemia state, increased oxidative stress parameters, and inflammatory processes.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymatic activity and expression of the A2A receptor of the purinergic system, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymatic activity and expression of the α7nAChR receptor of the cholinergic system as well as inflammatory and oxidative parameters in diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single dose intraperitoneally of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg).

Effects of tannic acid in streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's Disease: insights into memory, redox status, Na, K-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of tannic acid (TA) in preventing memory deficits and neurochemical alterations observed in a model for Sporadic Dementia of Alzheimer's Type. Rats were treated with TA (30 mg/kg) daily for 21 days, and subsequently received intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). We observed that STZ induced learning and memory impairments; however, treatment with TA was able to prevent these effects.

Protection of cholinergic and antioxidant system contributes to the effect of Vitamin D ameliorating memory dysfunction in sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type.

Objective: Investigate Vitamin D (VD) effect on the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), oxidative damage and behavioral tests in animals subjected to Intracerebroventicular injection of Streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) simulating a Sporadic Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (SDAT) and treated with VD (21 days).

Methods: Animals were divided into eight groups: Vehicle, VD12.5 μg/kg, VD42 μg/kg, VD125 μg/kg, STZ, STZ+VD12.

Physical exercise prevents alterations in purinergic system and oxidative status in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in rats.

Sepsis is a generalized infection that involves alterations in inflammatory parameters, oxidant status, and purinergic signaling in many tissues. Physical exercise has emerged as a tool to prevent this disease because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effects of physical exercise on preventing alterations in purinergic system components, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats.

Dietary supplementation of tiger nut alters biochemical parameters relevant to erectile function in l-NAME treated rats.

Tiger nut tubers have been reportedly used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in folk medicine without scientific basis. Hence, this study evaluated the effect of tiger nut on erectile dysfunction by assessing biochemical parameters relevant to ED in male rats by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) treatment. Rats were divided into five groups (n = 10) each: Control group; l-NAME plus basal diet; l-NAME plus Sildenafil citrate; diet supplemented processed tiger nut (20%) plus l-NAME;diet supplemented raw tiger nut (20%) plus l-NAME.

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism change ectoenzyme activity in rat platelets.

The purinergic system has an important role in the regulation of vascular functions. The interference of thyroid hormones in this system and in cardiovascular events has been studied in recent years. However, the mechanisms involved in vascular, purinergic, and oxidative changes in thyroid disorders are not completely understood.

Evaluation of mediators of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with acute appendicitis.

Context: This study aims to explore the potential of new inflammatory markers for improving the challenging diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA).

Methods: Levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP, INF-γ, and TNF-α in serum were measured in 73 patients with AA. Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed.

Curcumin attenuates memory deficits and the impairment of cholinergic and purinergic signaling in rats chronically exposed to cadmium.

This study investigated the protective effect of curcumin on memory loss and on the alteration of acetylcholinesterase and ectonucleotidases activities in rats exposed chronically to cadmium (Cd). Rats received Cd (1 mg/kg) and curcumin (30, 60, or 90 mg/kg) by oral gavage 5 days a week for 3 months. The animals were divided into eight groups: vehicle (saline/oil), saline/curcumin 30 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 60 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 90 mg/kg, Cd/oil, Cd/curcumin 30 mg/kg, Cd/curcumin 60 mg/kg, and Cd/curcumin 90 mg/kg.

Protective effect of rosmarinic acid against oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and kidney of strepotozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of rosmarinic acid (RA) in preventing the alteration of oxidative parameters in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were divided into six groups (n = 8): control, ethanol, RA 10 mg/kg, diabetic, diabetic/ethanol, and diabetic/RA 10 mg/kg. After 3 weeks of treatment, we found that TBARS levels in liver and kidney were significantly increased in the diabetic/saline group and the administration of RA prevented this increase in the liver and kidney (P < 0.

Vitamin D₃ prevents the increase in ectonucleotidase activities and ameliorates lipid profile in type 1 diabetic rats.

This study was designed to assess the potential effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) in avoiding atherothrombosis by modulation of lipid metabolism and platelet activation in type 1 diabetic rats. Male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 5-10): Control/Saline (Sal); Control/Metformin 500 mg/kg (Metf); Control/Vitamin D3 90 µg/kg (VD3); Control/Metformin 500 mg/kg + VD3 90 µg/kg (Metf + VD3); Diabetic/Saline (Sal); Diabetic/Metformin 500 mg/kg (Metf); Diabetic/Vitamin D3 90 µg/kg (VD3); Diabetic/Metformin 500 mg/kg + VD3 90 µg/kg (Metf + VD3). Treatments were administered during 30 days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin (STZ).

Protective effect of quercetin in ecto-enzymes, cholinesterases, and myeloperoxidase activities in the lymphocytes of rats exposed to cadmium.

The ex vivo and in vitro effects of quercetin on NTPDase, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and acetycholinesterase (AChE) activities in lymphocytes, as well as the effects of quercetin on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in plasma were determined in rats. For the ex vivo experiment, animals were orally exposed to Cadmium (Cd) for 45 days. Animals were divided into eight groups: saline/ethanol, saline/Querc 5 mg/kg, saline/Querc 25 mg/kg, saline/Querc 50 mg/kg, Cd/ethanol, Cd/Querc 5 mg/kg, Cd/Querc 25 mg/kg, and Cd/Querc 50 mg/kg.

Effect of vitamin D3 on behavioural and biochemical parameters in diabetes type 1-induced rats.

Diabetes is associated with long-term complications in the brain and reduced cognitive ability. Vitamin D3 (VD3 ) appears to be involved in the amelioration of hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Our aim was to analyse the potential of VD3 in avoiding brain damage through evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+) K(+) -adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and delta aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels from cerebral cortex, as well as memory in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and adenosine deaminase activities in brain and erythrocytes and proinflammatory cytokine levels in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia model.

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is a common problem with severe neurologic sequelae. The definitive brain injury is a consequence of pathophysiological mechanisms that begin at the moment of HI insult and may extend for days or weeks. In this context, the inflammatory response and the formation of reactive oxygen species seem to play a key role during evolution of brain damage after injury.

Caffeic acid treatment alters the extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in platelets and lymphocytes of adult rats.

This study evaluated the effects of caffeic acid on ectonucleotidase activities such as NTPDase (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase), Ecto-NPP (nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase), 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in platelets and lymphocytes of rats, as well as in the profile of platelet aggregation. Animals were divided into five groups: I (control); II (oil); III (caffeic acid 10 mg/kg); IV (caffeic acid 50 mg/kg); and V (caffeic acid 100 mg/kg). Animals were treated with caffeic acid diluted in oil for 30 days.

Ectoenzymes and cholinesterase activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with lung cancer.

We aimed to examine the nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDase) in lymphocytes; adenosine deaminase (ADA) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in serum; and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in whole blood; since these enzymes are involved in inflammation responses as well as in oxidative stress conditions. We also checked the levels of total thiols (T-SH), non-protein thiols (NPSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum of patients with lung cancer. We collected blood samples from patients (n = 31) previously treated for lung cancer with chemotherapy.

NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities from synaptosomes and platelets of rats exposed to cadmium and treated with N-acetylcysteine.

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides on synaptosomes and platelets obtained from rats exposed to cadmium (Cd) and treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Rats received Cd (2 mg/kg) and NAC (150 mg/kg) by gavage every other day for 30 days. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 4-6): control/saline, NAC, Cd, and Cd/NAC.

Behavior and brain enzymatic changes after long-term intoxication with cadmium salt or contaminated potatoes.

This study investigated the cadmium (Cd) intoxication on cognitive, motor and anxiety performance of rats subjected to long-term exposure to diet with Cd salt or with Cd from contaminated potato tubers. Potato plantlets were micropropagated in MS medium and transplanted to plastic trays containing sand. Tubers were collected, planted in sand boxes and cultivated with 0 or 10 μM Cd and, after were oven-dried, powder processed and used for diet.

17-β estradiol in the acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in the brain and blood of ovariectomized adult and middle-aged rats.

Aims: To investigate the 17-β estradiol in the acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in the brain and blood of ovariectomized rats of different ages.

Main Methods: Animals were randomly assigned into three experimental groups of each age (n=6). Control groups consisted of adult (sham-A) and middle-aged (sham-MA) female rats, ovariectomized adult (OVX-A) and middle-aged (OVX-MA) rats without estrogen therapy reposition, and ovariectomized adult (OVX+E2-A) and middle-aged (OVX+E2-MA) rats treated with 17-β estradiol for 30days.