Publications by authors named "Pauline Tirelle"
The role of microbiota in eating disorders has recently emerged. Previous data reported that lipopolysaccharides induce anorexia and a decrease of body weight through the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In the activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model, an increase of TLR4 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) has been described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in eating behavior and anxiety-depressive disorders has gained increasing attention. Although a gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in anorectic patients, its pathophysiological role remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to characterize the potential role of gut microbiota by evaluating the effects of its depletion in the Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) mouse model both in male and female mice.
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- The study investigates the effects of glutamine (Gln) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on malnourished mice during a refeeding phase, aiming to enhance recovery and prevent complications related to anorexia nervosa.
- Refeeding led to some recovery of body weight and lean mass in mice, but Gln didn't impact these outcomes while BCAA seemed to increase body weight and fat mass.
- Although neither supplement restored full recovery, Gln improved colonic protein synthesis, unlike BCAA, indicating different effects that warrant more research to understand the mechanisms involved.
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- The study investigates different methods of delivering antibiotics to C57Bl/6 mice to deplete their gut bacteria, comparing oral gavage (once or twice a day) with administering antibiotics in drinking water.
- Results indicate that the once-a-day oral gavage method is unreliable and can lead to increased bacteria from the Escherichia/Shigella group, while the twice-a-day gavage or drinking water methods are more effective for consistent bacterial depletion.
- The findings suggest that prolonged antibiotic treatment does not enhance bacteria depletion and can cause fungal overgrowth, while also showing no impact on gut microbiota recovery or body composition of the mice after cessation of antibiotic treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Anorexia Nervosa is a complex disorder influenced by biological, psychological, and environmental factors, with recent research suggesting that gut microbiota may play a significant role in its development and maintenance.
- Using a mouse model that simulates Anorexia by incorporating food restriction and increased activity, the study assessed changes in gut microbiota and correlated these with physiological measures like body weight and food intake.
- The findings revealed 68 bacterial variants that were reduced and 8 that were increased in Anorexia-like mice, notably some Lactobacillus species and Clostridium cocleatum; these changes were primarily linked to food restriction rather than physical activity and correlated with various physiological parameters, including relevant neuropeptide levels.
Obesity and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two major public health issues. Interestingly previous data report a marked increase of IBS prevalence in morbid obese subjects compared with non-obese subjects but underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Obesity and IBS share common intestinal pathophysiological mechanisms such as gut dysbiosis, intestinal hyperpermeability and low-grade inflammatory response.
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