The Association between Body Composition using Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Type-2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational studies.

The association between objective measures of body composition (BC) with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between several body composition (BC) indices assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and T2DM. Using PRISMA guidelines, we searched for observational studies investigating BC measures, including total body fat mass (BFM), visceral fat mass (VFM), subcutaneous fat mass (SFM), and fat free mass (FFM); and T2DM.

Joint Coupling of Awake EEG Frequency Activity and MRI Gray Matter Volumes in the Psychosis Dimension: A BSNIP Study.

Background: Many studies have examined either electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency activity or gray matter volumes (GMV) in various psychoses [including schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective (SZA), and psychotic bipolar disorder (PBP)]. Prior work demonstrated similar EEG and gray matter abnormalities in both SZ and PBP. Integrating EEG and GMV and jointly analyzing the combined data fully elucidates the linkage between the two and may provide better biomarker- or endophenotype-specificity for a particular illness.

Multivariate Genetic Correlates of the Auditory Paired Stimuli-Based P2 Event-Related Potential in the Psychosis Dimension From the BSNIP Study.

Objective: The complex molecular etiology of psychosis in schizophrenia (SZ) and psychotic bipolar disorder (PBP) is not well defined, presumably due to their multifactorial genetic architecture. Neurobiological correlates of psychosis can be identified through genetic associations of intermediate phenotypes such as event-related potential (ERP) from auditory paired stimulus processing (APSP). Various ERP components of APSP are heritable and aberrant in SZ, PBP and their relatives, but their multivariate genetic factors are less explored.

Prevalence and determinants of gambling disorder among older adults: a systematic review.

Aims: This paper aims to systematically review studies on the prevalence of gambling disorder among older adults aged 60years and above and to summarize the evidence on the determinants, risk factors as well as the comorbidities associated with it.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed, journal articles between 1st January 1995 and 1st May 2013. Only original studies which were published in English, included participants older than 60years of age and provided prevalence figures specifically among them, and where participants were assessed to have a gambling disorder by a validated instrument in non-treatment seeking/non-clinical setting were included.

Typology of people with first-episode psychosis.

Aims: The aim of the current study was to create a typology of patients with first-episode psychosis based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, service use and outcomes using cluster analysis.

Methods: Data from all respondents who were accepted into the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP), Singapore from 2007 to 2011 were analysed. A two-step clustering method was carried out to classify the patients into distinct clusters.

Patient-reported outcomes in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The purpose of the article was to provide an overview of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and related measures that have been examined in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The current review focused on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that evaluated three broad outcome domains: functioning, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and OCD-related symptoms. The present review ultimately included a total of 155 unique articles and 22 PROMs.

Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder: impact of the disorder and of treatment.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic debilitating anxiety disorder characterized by two distinct phenomena: obsessions which are recurrent, intrusive thoughts, images or impulses, and/or compulsions which are repetitive covert or overt actions that are carried out to decrease anxiety. OCD commonly affects young adults, is associated with other comorbid mental illnesses and often has a large treatment gap (the proportion of individuals who have OCD and require care but do not receive treatment). OCD thus runs a chronic and disabling course which compromises an individual's functioning and well-being and ultimately has a rather detrimental impact on the lives of both patients and their families.