Effects of Smoking Reduction and Cessation on Birth Outcomes in a Scheduled Gradual Reduction Cessation Trial.

Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy can affect infant birthweight. We tested whether an intervention that promoted scheduled gradual reduction improved birth outcomes among pregnant women who smoked. We also examined race differences in birth outcomes.

Trajectories of Situational Temptations in Pregnant Smokers participating in a Scheduled Gradual Reduction Cessation Trial.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to examine changes in situational temptations to smoke among women in early to late pregnancy enrolled in a texting trial to help them quit smoking. We compared changes between (1) intervention arms, (2) those who quit, (3) those who reduced by 50% or more, and (4) those who reduced by less than 50%. We also examined cravings overtime in the intervention arm and the relationship between real-time cravings assessed via text message and situational temptations.

Triadic agreement about advanced cancer treatment decisions: Perceptions among patients, families, and oncologists.

Objectives: When patients make cancer treatment decisions, they consider the needs and preferences of family caregivers and clinicians. We examined how much all three triad members agreed about goals of treatment and caregivers' influence on decision-making.

Methods: We surveyed 70 triads of patients, caregivers, and oncologists who had recently made an advanced cancer treatment decision.

Pilot Test of Connecting Pregnant Women who Smoke to Short Message Service (SMS) Support Texts for Cessation.

Introduction: Most pregnant women know that smoking poses serious risks to baby and mother, yet many still smoke. We conducted a large randomized controlled trial and found that an SMS text-delivered program helped about 10% of these women quit smoking. In this paper, we describe the feasibility of disseminating a text-based intervention to pregnant women who smoke.

The Co-occurrence of Daily Smoking, Binge Drinking and IPV Among Latino Expectant Fathers.

Many Latino men have multiple risk factors that predispose them to chronic disease morbidity and mortality, yet few have examined patterns in this population. We describe the co-occurrence of daily smoking, binge drinking, and intimate partner violence (IPV) behaviors among Latino expectant fathers and examine factors associated with the co-occurrence of these behaviors. We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Parejas Trial, a randomized controlled trial testing a culturally tailored couples-based smoking cessation intervention.

Efficacy of a Texting Program to Promote Cessation Among Pregnant Smokers: A Randomized Control Trial.

Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy poses serious risks to baby and mother. Few disseminable programs exist to help pregnant women quit or reduce their smoking. We hypothesized that an SMS text-delivered scheduled gradual reduction (SGR) program plus support texts would outperform SMS support messages alone.

A smoking cessation and pain management program for cancer survivors.

Purpose: Many cancer survivors continue to smoke. Further, most survivors also report high levels of persistent pain and smoke in response to pain. The investigators tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a smoking cessation program paired with a pain management program for cancer survivors.

Pilot randomized trial of a couple-based physical activity videoconference intervention for sedentary cancer survivors.

Objective: Including partners in interventions to increase physical activity (PA) could promote better adherence and longer-term effects. In preparation for a future large-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT), this randomized pilot trial tested the acceptability of a novel couple-based PA intervention for breast and prostate cancer survivors and the feasibility of conducting an RCT testing the intervention.

Method: Twenty cancer survivors (70% female; mean age = 63.

Accuracy and congruence of physician and adolescent patient weight-related discussions: Teen CHAT (Communicating health: Analyzing talk).

Objective: We assessed the accuracy and congruence of recall of weight topics during clinical encounters between adolescent patients with overweight/obesity and physicians (randomized to Motivational Interviewing education vs. control arm).

Methods: We audio recorded 357 clinic encounters and coded topics of weight, physical activity (PA), breakfast, and fast food.

Physician Weight-Related Counseling Is Unrelated to Extreme Weight Loss Behaviors Among Overweight and Obese Adolescents.

Some physicians may be hesitant to counsel overweight and obese adolescents about weight because of concerns that such counseling may result in extreme weight loss behaviors and the subsequent development of eating disorders. We compared self-reported extreme weight loss behaviors in 535 overweight/obese adolescents prior to receiving weight-related counseling during primary care visits, and again after 3 months. We found no change in fasting (7.

Use of the 5 As for Teen Alcohol Use.

Clinical guidelines recommend addressing adolescent alcohol use in primary care; the 5 As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) may be a useful model for intervention. We audio-recorded 540 visits with 49 physicians and adolescents, compared alcohol disclosure rates in the encounter with those in a survey, and analyzed conversations for use of the 5 As and their relation to adolescent reports of drinking 3 months after the encounter. When physicians asked clear, nonleading questions, drinkers were more likely to disclose alcohol use ( P = .

Teaching primary care physicians the 5 A's for discussing weight with overweight and obese adolescents.

Objective: We developed an online intervention to teach physicians both MI (addressed in outcomes paper) and the 5 A's (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) when discussing weight with overweight/obese adolescents.

Methods: We audio recorded 527 encounters between adolescents and physicians and coded the 5 A's during weight/BMI discussions. Half of physicians were randomized to receive a tailored, intervention that included their own audio-recorded clips.

Teaching Physicians Motivational Interviewing for Discussing Weight With Overweight Adolescents.

Purpose: We tested whether an online intervention combined with a patient feedback report improved physicians' use of motivational interviewing (MI) techniques when discussing weight with overweight and obese adolescents.

Methods: We randomized 46 pediatricians and family physicians and audio recorded 527 patient encounters. Half of the physicians received an individually tailored, online intervention.

Efficacy of a Nurse-Delivered Intervention to Prevent and Delay Postpartum Return to Smoking: The Quit for Two Trial.

Introduction: Most pregnant women who quit smoking return to smoking postpartum. Trials to prevent this return have been unsuccessful. We tested the efficacy of a nurse-delivered intervention in maintaining smoking abstinence after delivery among pregnant women who quit smoking that was tailored on their high risk of relapse (eg, had strong intentions to return).

Studying physician-adolescent patient communication in community-based practices: recruitment challenges and solutions.

Background: Practice-based studies are needed to assess how physicians communicate health messages about weight to overweight/obese adolescent patients, but successful recruitment to such studies is challenging. This paper describes challenges, solutions, and lessons learned to recruit physicians and adolescents to the Teen Communicating Health Analyzing Talk (CHAT) study, a randomized controlled trial of a communication skills intervention for primary care physicians to enhance communication about weight with overweight/obese adolescents.

Materials And Methods: A "peer-to-peer" approach was used to recruit physicians, including the use of "clinic champions" who liaised between study leaders and physicians.

Effect of teaching motivational interviewing via communication coaching on clinician and patient satisfaction in primary care and pediatric obesity-focused offices.

Objective: Studies indicate needed improvement in clinician communication and patient satisfaction. Motivational interviewing (MI) helps promote patient behavior change and improves satisfaction. In this pilot study, we tested a coaching intervention to teach MI to all clinic staff to improve clinician and patient satisfaction.

Predictors of pregnant quitters' intention to return to smoking postpartum.

Introduction: Although many pregnant women quit smoking, most return to smoking postpartum. Returning to smoking is strongly related to women's stated intention about smoking during pregnancy. We examined factors related to women's intention to return to smoking to improve intervention trials.

Efficacy of a couple-based randomized controlled trial to help Latino fathers quit smoking during pregnancy and postpartum: the Parejas trial.

Background: Although many Latinos in the United States smoke, they receive assistance to quit less often than non-Latinos. To address this disparity, we recruited Latino couples into a randomized controlled trial and provided a smoking cessation program during a teachable moment, when men's partners were pregnant.

Methods: We compared two interventions: (i) written materials plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to (ii) materials, NRT, and couple-based counseling that addressed smoking cessation and couples communication.

Weight-related SMS texts promoting appropriate pregnancy weight gain: a pilot study.

Objectives: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) puts women and children at risk of obesity. We piloted an SMS-texting intervention to promote healthy GWG among overweight and obese women.

Methods: We recruited 35 women and randomized them in a 2:1 fashion to: a tailored SMS-texting intervention (Preg CHAT) vs.

Weight's up? Predictors of weight-related communication during primary care visits with overweight adolescents.

Objective: Physicians' use of Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques when discussing weight with adolescent patients is unknown.

Methods: We coded audio-recorded encounters between 49 primary care physicians and 180 overweight adolescent patients. During weight discussions, we used the MITI 3.

Accuracy and congruence of patient and physician weight-related discussions: from project CHAT (Communicating Health: Analyzing Talk).

Objective: Primary care providers should counsel overweight patients to lose weight. Rates of self-reported, weight-related counseling vary, perhaps because of self-report bias. We assessed the accuracy and congruence of weight-related discussions among patients and physicians during audio-recorded encounters.