Bone conductivity and spine fluoroscopy, Hand-Eye-Ear dialogue, during pedicle screw positioning: a new human cognitive system for precision and radiation-decrease; better than artificial intelligence and machine learning system?

Purpose: There is an increasing need for pedicle screw positioning while decreasing radiation exposure. This study compares intra-operative radiation dose using posterior internal fixation using impedancemetry-guided pedicle positioning by the Pediguard system versus standard free-hand sighting when surgery was performed with a trainee or expert surgeon.

Material And Methods: Using the electrical properties of bone, the Pediguard detects iatrogenic penetration of the pedicle wall and gives auditory feedback to the surgeon.