Association between symptoms of depression and inflammatory parameters in people aged over 90 years.

Background: Old age is a period of life that presents many health and social challenges, resulting in a greater vulnerability to the development of mental disorders, including depression. There has been a growing interest in the relationship between depression and inflammatory factors, because of its potential clinical and therapeutic implications. Inflammatory processes, which were originally understood as a response to infection and trauma, appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression in the elderly.

Patience with foster children as a major problem for grandparents in the role of kinship carers aged 60 + and the psychosocial determinants of this deficit.

Kinship care represents the most prevalent form of foster care in Poland. Most commonly, the role of kinship carers is taken on by grandparents, who may struggle with various problems, needs and deficits in this role. The aim of this study was to investigate the problem of patience in kinship carers aged 60 + and its impact on deficits in the performance of roles and duties.

The Involvement in Domestic Violence and the Severity of Legal, Moral and Social Consequences for the Perpetrators in the Perceptions of Students in Poland and Belarus.

Domestic violence is sequential, developmental and dynamic. The aim of this study was to examine whether, in the perceptions of students in Poland and Belarus, there is a relationship between involvement in violence and the legal and social consequences for the perpetrators. A total of 482 university students took part in the study, including 251 students from Poland and 231 students from Belarus.

Comparison of US and EU Prices for Orphan Drugs in the Perspective of the Considered US Orphan Drugs Act Modifications and Discussed Price-Regulation Mechanisms Adjustments in US and European Union.

The 2019 worldwide sales of Orphan Drugs were estimated at $136 billion USD, which constituted 16% of the global pharmaceutical prescription market and is expected to grow by 12% in the next 5 years. A better understanding of Orphan Drug pricing may contribute to on-going discussions on Orphan Drug Act (ODA) corrections in US or modifications of price setting mechanisms in EU. The objective of the study was comparison and analysis of the prices of Orphan Drugs in US and EU.

Existential and Spiritual Attitudes of Polish Medical and Nursing Staff towards Death.

Issues related to death are difficult areas of human existence and are most often considered in terms of ethical or non-ethical behaviour. The aim of the research was to examine the attitudes of Polish medical and nursing personnel towards death. The research was conducted among medical (110 people) and nursing staff (110 people) working in Polish hospitals and representing 16 regions.

Learning Curve for Metastatic Liver Tumor Open Resection in Patients with Primary Colorectal Cancer: Use of the Cumulative Sum Method.

Background: Liver resections have become the first-line treatment for primary and metastatic tumors and, therefore, are considered a core aspect of surgical training. This study aims to evaluate the learning curve of the extent and safety of liver resection procedures for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods: This single tertiary center retrospective analysis includes 158 consecutive cases of small liver resection (SLR) (n = 107) and major liver resection (MLR) (n = 58) procedures.

Problematic Internet Use, health behaviors, depression and eating disorders: a cross-sectional study among Polish medical school students.

Background: Problematic Internet Use is defined as a use of the Internet which leads to various difficulties. The aim of this study was to check whether Problematic Internet Use is associated with health risks, such as: anti-health behaviors, depressive symptoms, abnormal body weight or eating disorders.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 540 medical school students of Polish descent (83.

Co-occurrence of adult abuse and child abuse: analysis of the phenomenon.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the co-occurrence of adult and child abuse based on the reports collected from the Polish police and social welfare institutions.

Methods: The study involved data concerning 468 households in Szczecin (Poland) inhabited by children where acts of violence between adults took place. The presented data refer to the years 2012-2103.

Attitudes of Polish Priests and Laymen Towards Death During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The Covid-19 pandemic has generated a situation where death is the most commonly used term by humans. The attitudes adopted towards the phenomenon of death are the result of existential life and the presented axiology. Looking at the death of a secular and spiritual person makes it possible to notice the existential and spiritual attitudes of two different social groups, interpenetrating one another and fulfilling different roles.

Microbiome Metabolites and Thyroid Dysfunction.

Thyroid diseases are common conditions that have a negative impact on the health of all populations. The literature sheds light on the differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients suffering from thyroid diseases compared to healthy individuals. The microbiome affects the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, and the existence of the gut-thyroid axis is discussed in the context of both thyroid diseases and intestinal dysbiosis.

Subjective Feelings of Polish Doctors after Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous confusion around the world in our daily existence. The security measures taken, such as physical distance, wearing a mask, quarantine or closing shopping malls, and even isolating large groups of the population, did not contribute to the complete overcoming of the problem. Information on the positive results of research into the COVID-19 vaccine and, finally, its administration offered hope that the pandemic would be overcome.

Epidemiological factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from the Global Burden of Disease.

Background: The United Nations acknowledged diabetes as an epidemic of the 21st century. Global trends demonstrate a continuing growth in its prevalence at approximately 2.5 % per year.

Analysis of the levels of inflammatory parameters in persons over the age of 90.

Chronic inflammatory conditions resulting from elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators are common in the elderly. The aim of the paper was to analyze the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in longevous individuals. The study was conducted in persons aged >90 years old, residents of Poland living either at home or staying at residential care facilities.

Telemedicine services in the work of a doctor, dentist, nurse and midwife - analysis of legal regulations in Poland and the possibility of their implementation on the example of selected European countries.

Introduction And Objective: The aim of the study is to discuss the legal framework for telemedicine services in Poland, and to present telemedicine solutions used in selected European countries.

Material And Methods: The analysis of legal cts was chosen as a research method in order to determine legal possibilities for medical professionals to use telemedicine services. A literature review was undertaken to demonstrate the possibilities of telemedicine as used in the United Kingdom, Germany, Norway, The Netherlands and Sweden.

Attitudes of Palestinian and Polish Medical Students Towards Death.

Attitudes of students of health-related subjects towards the death are an important issue showing the behaviour and values ​​that guide young people in everyday interactions. The study was conducted using the Questionnaire About Attitudes Against Death (DAP-R-PL) among 309 students, including 150 Palestinian from the Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences and 159 Polish from the Faculty of Health Sciences. It was noticed that the attitude of Death Avoidance is higher in Palestinians than in Poles.

The Role of Iron Metabolism in Fatigue, Depression, and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Unlabelled: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune origin for which there is currently no available cure. In the course of MS, next to neurological disorders, patients often present with chronic fatigue syndrome and depressive disorders, which impact on their daily function and quality of life. The aim of study was to analyse the relationship between serum parameters of iron metabolism and the severity of fatigue, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in MS patients.

The incidence of eating disorders among upper secondary school female students.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders in the population of Polish upper secondary school female students, while considering the type of school and living conditions.

Methods: The investigations of eating disorders were conducted between March and June 2017 and covered female students of the upper secondary schools of Szczecin. Selection for the survey was multistep.

Domestic violence in the perceptions of university students in Poland and Belarus.

Background: Domestic violence is a social phenomenon where a family member, husband, wife or another cohabiting person in the household tries to dominate, physically or mentally, the other partner, children, parents, grandparents, in-laws, etc., using their physical advantage, threats, blackmail, with the intention of harm. The aim of the study was find the perceptions of university students regarding the phenomenon of violence and to show similarities and differences in this respect between students from Poland and Belarus (PL and BY).

Patient isolation in psychiatric healthcare.

Objectives: To discover the opinions of psychiatric patients about personnel attitudes and family participation in the treatment process.

Methods: 219 psychiatric patients took part in the study: 80 inpatients, 69 outpatients and 70 mental health clinic patients. The diagnostic survey method was applied using a patient questionnaire regarding: (1) the patient's opinion on his or her hospital stay as an inpatient, (2) the patient's opinion on his or her care as a hospital outpatient, mental health clinic patient, or community treatment patient, and (3) research on patient satisfaction with the administered medical service VSSS-54.

The Prevalence of Insomnia and the Link between Iron Metabolism Genes Polymorphisms, rs1049296 C>T, rs3811647 G>A, rs7385804 A>C, rs10421768 A>G and Sleep Disorders in Polish Individuals with ASD.

Iron deficiency have been found to be linked to sleep disorders. Both genetic and environmental factors are risk factors for skewed iron metabolism, thus sleep disruptions in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within transferrin gene ( rs1049296 C>T, rs3811647 G>A, transferrin receptor gene ( rs7385804 A>C, and hepcidin antimicrobial peptide gene ( rs10421768 A>G in Polish individuals with ASD and their impact on sleep pattern.

Does functional assessment of individuals aged 80-plus give rise to scientific discussion - considerations based on literature review.

Introduction And Objective: For many years, Europe has been struggling with the problem of an aging society. It is obvious that everyone would like to live longer while retaining good psycho-physical health and social activity. This, however, is influenced by many factors, such as health, which may be a form of limitation in everyday life or in performing social roles in accordance with the norms.

Gender-Specific Differences in Concentrations of Biochemical Parameters in Persons over the Age of 90.

The ageing process is a phenomenon leading to an emergence of a web of interrelated biological processes producing significant changes in the human body. The aim of the paper was to analyse gender-specific differences with regard to selected biochemical parameters in longevity. The study was conducted in Poland in 2017.

Occurrence of alcohol addiction in the adult population living in rural areas.

Introduction: Risky alcohol consumption is one of the main threats to the health of both individuals and society as a whole. These threats affect, among others, health, safety and financial situation. Their scale and intensity cause the issue of alcohol consumption to become a significant challenge for public health.

Psychosocial aspects of participation of the Polish Armed Forces in combat missions.

Objectives: The military service of Polish soldiers on missions abroad began in 1953. Many years of experience of the Polish army as well as the armed forces of other countries show that being in a mission area has a significant impact on soldiers' mental health. Soldiers experience problems with anxiety disorders, depression and posttraumatic stress, which is associated with a difficult return to family life.

The analysis of the phenomenon of violence in psychiatric patients.

Objectives: Domestic violence is a phenomenon stemming from various social issues. One of such issues, which arouses much interest, is the behavior of psychiatric patients using violence in their family. The aim of the following work was the analysis of the phenomenon of violence with reference to perpetrators-psychiatric patients from the Szczecin area in the years 2012-2013.