The influence of altitude on the differences between Goldmann tonometry and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry: An ecological meta-analysis.

Purpose: A meta-analysis found that including atmospheric pressure as altitude in generalized linear models reveals higher differences between Goldmann tonometry and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry at higher altitudes, with the difference increasing in thinner corneas. To examine the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by using Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) tonometry in published literature and determine the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT), age, and altitude on that difference.

Methods: Articles that compare GAT and DCT were selected for an extensive literature review, and the location and altitude of the research centers were found online.

Levosulpiride for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial.

Background/objective: The prokinetic levosulpiride elevates vasoinhibin levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) suggesting clinical benefits due to the anti-vasopermeability and anti-angiogenic properties of vasoinhibin. We investigated the biological activity of levosulpiride in centre-involving diabetic macular oedema (DME).

Patients/methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, dual-centre, phase 2 trial in patients with centre-involving DME orally treated with placebo (n = 17) or levosulpiride (n = 17) for 8 weeks or in patients with PDR undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy and receiving placebo (n = 18) or levosulpiride (n = 18) orally for the 1 week before vitrectomy.

Macular ganglion cell complex thickness after vitrectomy with the inverted flap technique for idiopathic macular holes.

Purpose: To analyze the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses after vitrectomy with the inverted flap technique for idiopathic macular holes.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 28 eyes treated with surgery for idiopathic macular holes. The inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique assisted with Brilliant Blue staining (0.

Micropulse laser in patients with refractory and treatment-naïve center-involved diabetic macular edema: short terms visual and anatomic outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe visual and anatomic outcomes of 5774nm micropulse laser photocoagulation in eyes with either treatment-naïve or refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) at 3 months.

Methods: This was a prospective case series that recruited 23 consecutive patients (33 eyes) with center-involved DME that was either treatment-naïve or had not responded to prior treatment. Micropulse therapy was performed with the Easy Ret 577 (Quantel Medical, Cournon d'Auvergne, France) diode laser in a high-density manner in eyes with treatment-naïve or refractory DME.

Central Macular Thickness in a Healthy Mexican Population Using Huvitz Optical Coherence Tomography.

Objective: To determine normal macular thickness values in a healthy Mexican population and its variation by age and gender using Huvitz spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (HOCT-1F).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 211 consecutive eyes from clinically normal subjects (66 men, 145 women) between October 2018 and December 2018, with best-corrected visual acuities better than 20/30. One eye was selected for the macular scan using the Huvitz OCT (Huvitz OCT-1F, HOCT-1F, Huvitz Co.

Levosulpiride Increases the Levels of Prolactin and Antiangiogenic Vasoinhibin in the Vitreous of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: High circulating levels of the hormone prolactin (PRL) protect against experimental diabetic retinopathy (DR) due to the retinal accumulation of vasoinhibin, a PRL fragment that inhibits blood vessel permeability and growth. A phase 2 clinical trial is investigating a new therapy for DR based on elevating serum PRL levels with levosulpiride, a prokinetic dopamine D2 receptor blocker. Here, we tested whether levosulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia elevates PRL and vasoinhibin in the vitreous of volunteer patients with proliferative DR (PDR) undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy.

Association Between First- and Third-Month Responses to Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: This work examines the relationship between first- and third-month anatomical and visual response with antivascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular edema.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated 58 eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema. Response was categorized upon the anatomical status after 3 monthly doses based on the reduction of central macular thickness (CMT) from baseline (≥20% or not).

Submacular Cysticercosis Successfully Treated through Conservative Management: Case Report.

Appropriate medical management can be an alternative in those patients with submacular cysticercosis in whom achieving good visual outcome with vitreoretinal surgery is not possible. We report the case of a 25-year-old female who presented complaining of blurred vision in her left eye associated with photopsias and metamorphopsias of 3 months duration. Initial visual acuity in the right eye was 20/20 and 20/100 in the left eye.

Effects of Acute Atmospheric Pressure Changes on Dynamic Contour Tonometry and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry in Normal Individuals: A Pilot Study.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement differences with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) are affected by atmospheric pressure inside a hyperbaric chamber.

Purpose: To compare IOP measurements obtained with GAT and DCT in 22 normal individuals at different atmospheric pressures simulated in a hyperbaric chamber.

Methods: The IOP of both eyes of 22 healthy volunteers was measured using GAT and DCT at 4 different atmospheric pressure levels.

Different approaches in the management of macular hemorrhage: Case reports and a literature review.

Introduction: Macular hemorrhages result in a sudden and profound loss of vision. The primary treatment modalities include observation, intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic drugs, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet hialoidotomy, intravitreal injection of gas with or without tissue plasminogen activator, as monotherapy or combined with surgery. In this paper, we report four cases of macular hemorrhages of different causes treated with different approaches, and we review the literature in this regard.

The role of various imaging techniques in identifying and locating intraocular foreign bodies related to open-globe injury: three case reports and literature review.

Background: Determining the precise location of intraocular foreign bodies is crucial for the management of patients with open-globe injury. Computed tomography is the most common method for detecting intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment. In this article, we describe three cases of open-globe injury with different types of intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment that were accurately located using computed tomography scans and B-scan ultrasonography.

Electric Shock Retinopathy: Case Report of a Late Retinal Manifestation.

Purpose: This is a case report of a male patient who suffered a high-voltage electrical burn and presented with bilateral pigmentary retinopathy.

Methods: A 40-year-old man presented with bilateral vision loss following a high-voltage electrical injury sustained 10 years earlier. Family history, ocular history, and anterior segment evaluation were unremarkable.

Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity type 1 and type 2 in a regional Hospital of Social Security in the state of Queretaro, Mexico (2017-2018).

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the primary cause of blindness in children, is a potential complication for 7.7% of live births in Mexico. Given that less than one-third of all neonatal intensive care units follow Mexican National ROP guidelines, there have been few reports regarding the incidences of types 1 and 2 ROP.

Basis and Design of a Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Levosulpiride on Retinal Alterations in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are potentially blinding, microvascular retinal diseases in people with diabetes mellitus. Preclinical studies support a protective role of the hormone prolactin (PRL) due to its ocular incorporation and conversion to vasoinhibins, a family of PRL fragments that inhibit ischemia-induced retinal angiogenesis and diabetes-derived retinal vasopermeability. Here, we describe the protocol of an ongoing clinical trial investigating a new therapy for DR and DME based on elevating the circulating levels of PRL with the prokinetic, dopamine D2 receptor blocker, levosulpiride.

[Management of acute pulmonary thromboembolism].

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is considered a cardiovascular emergency and is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Pulmonary embolism diagnosis has to be made early in the course of the disease and its management installed immediately. Pulmonary embolism management includes hemodynamic support, anticoagulation, thrombolysis and embolectomy.