Evaluation of acute and midterm outcomes after complex combined antegrade/retrograde recanalization for occlusions of the femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal arteries.

Background: When antegrade recanalization of femoropopliteal and/or infrapopliteal occlusions fails, retrograde access has become an established option. To evaluate the results of combined antegrade and retrograde recanalization of femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal occlusions, patients undergoing secondary retrograde recanalization attempts were analyzed retrospectively.

Methods: The primary end point was the success of the procedure (successful occlusion crossing using the antegrade/retrograde technique).