MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Metabolic Disorders in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with several mild metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and dyslipidemia, as well as with some more severe ones, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. Clinically, mild metabolic complications of PCOS such as IR or lipid metabolism disorders are the predictors of these more severe ones. So far, there is no reliable single marker that enables defining metabolic risk in patients with PCOS.

Potential Use of Exosomal Non-Coding MicroRNAs in Leukemia Therapy: A Systematic Review.

Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies. Despite the enormous progress that has been made in the field of hemato-oncology in recent years, there are still many problems related to, among others, disease recurrence and drug resistance, which is why the search for ideal biomarkers with high clinical utility continues. Research shows that exosomes play a critical role in the biology of leukemia and are associated with the drug resistance, metastasis, and immune status of leukemias.

Epigenetic and Immune Mechanisms Linking Breastfeeding to Lower Breast Cancer Rates.

This review shows how mammary stem cells (MaSCs) influence breast development, breastfeeding, and breast cancer risk. MaSCs, which can differentiate into various cell types, are vital for breast tissue health, but also disease development in breast tissue. Research shows that breastfeeding affects MaSCs, offering protection against breast cancer through various mechanisms.

Pilot Study on the Effect of Patient Condition and Clinical Parameters on Hypoxia-Induced Factor Expression: , and in Human Colostrum Cells.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) may play a role in mammary gland development, milk production and secretion in mammals. Due to the limited number of scientific reports on the expression of HIF genes in colostrum cells, it was decided to examine the expression of , and in the these cells, collected from 35 patients who voluntarily agreed to provide their biological material for research, were informed about the purpose of the study and signed a consent to participate in it. The expression of HIF genes was assessed using qPCR.

Optimizing Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Influence of Diabetes, Obesity, Autoimmune, and Inflammatory Conditions on Therapeutic Efficacy: A Review.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool that may be used in regenerative medicine. Thanks to their ability to differentiate and paracrine signaling, they can be used in the treatment of many diseases. Undifferentiated MSCs can support the regeneration of surrounding tissues through secreted substances and exosomes.

Diagnostic Value and Molecular Function of MicroRNAs in Endometrial Diseases: A Systematic Review.

The human endometrium experiences significant cyclic morphological and biochemical changes throughout the menstrual cycle to prepare for embryo implantation. These processes are meticulously regulated by ovarian steroids and various locally expressed genes, encompassing inflammatory reactions, apoptosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, differentiation (tissue formation), and tissue remodeling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression, with their altered expression being linked to the onset and progression of various disorders, including cancer.

New Pharmacological Therapies in the Treatment of Epilepsy in the Pediatric Population.

Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by abnormal brain neuron activity, predisposing individuals to seizures. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) categorizes epilepsy into the following groups: focal, generalized, generalized and focal, and unknown. Infants are the most vulnerable pediatric group to the condition, with the cause of epilepsy development being attributed to congenital brain developmental defects, white matter damage, intraventricular hemorrhage, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury, perinatal stroke, or genetic factors such as mutations in the Sodium Channel Protein Type 1 Subunit Alpha () gene.

Melanoma in Pregnancy-Diagnosis, Treatment, and Consequences for Fetal Development and the Maintenance of Pregnancy.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most common neoplasms among pregnancy-associated cancers (PACs). Risk factors include excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the presence of benign and dysplastic nevi, and a patient or family history of melanoma. Self-examination and careful inspection of nevi are crucial, especially in the context of their progression over time.

Influence of Clinical Factors on miR-3613-3p Expression in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death globally. Because of a tendency to be an asymptomatic primary tumor and therefore resulting in late detection, most CRC patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage. Several miRNAs have the potential to become novel noninvasive biomarkers measured as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of CRC to guide surgical therapies and promote the understanding of the carcinogenesis of CRC.

Expression of microRNA (miR126*, miR155, miR21, miR29a) in breast milk cell fraction in women with hypertension: a comparative analysis with women without hypertension.

Objectives: The ideal option of food for a newborn's nourishment has traditionally been human breast milk (HBM). Previous studies have demonstrated a connection between the length of exclusively breastfeeding and its preventive effects on several conditions in neonates. Considering the significance of HBM, the study aimed at detecting the expression of microRNA (miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a) in the breast milk cell fraction of women with hypertension.

Influence of Umbilical Cord Blood Biochemical Parameters and Disease Condition on the Expression of the TSG-6 Gene in Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of secreting different substances, including the anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6, which can be useful in the treatment of diseases with inflammatory reactions. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the TSG-6 gene in MSCs derived from the umbilical cord. For better understanding of the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs, we additionally assessed the expression of some interleukins (ILs).

VEGF Expression in Umbilical Cord MSC Depends on the Patient's Health, the Week of Pregnancy in Which the Delivery Took Place, and the Body Weight of the Newborn - Preliminary Report.

Introduction: Cells collected from Wharton's jelly are a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. They can be easily obtained and grown using the adhesive method. They produce many types of proteins, including VEGF.

Comparison of and Gene Expression in Leukapheresis-Derived CD34+ Cells before and during Cell Culture.

Bone marrow is an abundant source of both hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic stem cells. Embryonic, fetal and stem cells located in tissues (adipose tissue, skin, myocardium and dental pulp) express core transcription factors, including the , and gene responsible for regeneration, proliferation and differentiation into daughter cells. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of and genes in CD34-positive peripheral blood stem cells (CD34+ PBSCs) and to analyze the influence of cell culture on the expression of and genes.

Influence of Perinatal Factors on Gene Expression of IAPs Family and Main Factors of Pluripotency: and in Human Breast Milk Stem Cells-A Preliminary Report.

Due to their therapeutic potential, mesenchymal stem cells are the subject of intensive research on the use of their potential in the treatment of, among others, neurodegenerative diseases or immunological diseases. They are among the newest in the field of medicine. The presented study aimed to evaluate the expression of eight genes from the IAP family and the gene regulating IAP--in stem cells derived from human milk, using the qPCR method.

Evaluation of the Impact of Pregnancy-Associated Factors on the Quality of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Using SOX2 Gene Expression as a Marker.

SOX2 is a recognized pluripotent transcription factor involved in stem cell homeostasis, self-renewal and reprogramming. It belongs to, one of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors, taking part in the regulation of embryonic development and determination of cell fate. Among other functions, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance.

Fractalkine, sICAM-1 and Kynurenine Pathway in Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa-Exploratory Study.

The link between the kynurenine pathway and immunomodulatory molecules-fractalkine and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)-in anorexia nervosa (AN) remains unknown. Fractalkine, sICAM-1, tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA), neurotoxic 3-OH-kynurenine (3-OH-KYN), and the expression of mRNA for kynurenine aminotransferases () were studied in 20 female patients with restrictive AN (mostly drug-free, all during first episode of the disease) and in 24 controls. In AN, serum fractalkine, but not sICAM-1, KYNA, KYN, TRP or 3-OH-KYN, was higher; ratios TRP/KYN, KYN/KYNA, KYN/3-OH-KYN and KYNA/3-OH-KYN were unaltered.

Influence of the Treatment Used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Protease Activities.

Introduction: There is growing evidence that intestinal proteases have a role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has an additional source of proteases represented by infiltrated and activated inflammatory cells. The aim of our study was to determine proteolytic system activity in patients with CD and UC.

Different regulation of PARP1, PARP2, PARP3 and TRPM2 genes expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenic lethal disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow which results in hematopoietic failure. Despite various efforts in detection and treatment, many patients with AML die of this cancer. That is why it is important to develop novel therapeutic options, employing strategic target genes involved in apoptosis and tumor progression.

Increased Expression of , , and from the IAP Family in Mesenchymal Stem Cells of the Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly (WJSC) in Younger Women Giving Birth Naturally.

The knowledge of factors affecting the viability as well as proliferation and therapeutic potential of perinatal stem cells is of great importance for the decisions concerning their collection, multiplication, and storing. The aim of this work is to evaluate the expression of the , , and genes at the level of transcription in mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord Wharton's jelly. The study examined the relationship between the expression level of the studied genes and selected biophysical parameters of umbilical blood: pH, pCO, pO, and cHCO.

Analysis of the expression of BAX, BCL2, BIRC6, CASP3, CASP9 apoptosis genes during the first episode of schizophrenia.

Objectives: The aim of the study was the analysis of (1) the level of BAX,BCL2,BIRC6,CASP3, CASP9 apoptosis genes expression in schizophrenic patients and in the control group, and (2) the relationships between the genes expression level and the morphological and biochemical parameters, as well as the severity of psychopathological symptoms.

Methods: The study included 21 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 and 26 healthy subjects. The following parameters were assessed: genes expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes, laboratory parameters and severity of psychopathological symptoms (using the PANSS).

Influence of the Type of Delivery, Use of Oxytocin, and Maternal Age on Gene Expression in Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly within the Umbilical Cord.

The paper presents an evaluation of the gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly within the umbilical cord, collected from 36 patients during labor. The study is the first one to show that the expression of in mesenchymal stem cells has been dependent on maternal age, birth order, route of delivery, and use of oxytocin. Our research proves that the gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells decreases with each subsequent pregnancy and delivery.

Losartan Reverses Hippocampal Increase of Kynurenic Acid in Type 1 Diabetic Rats: A Novel Procognitive Aspect of Sartan Action.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and 2 are at a higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia; however, the underlying pathology is poorly understood. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), endogenous kynurenine metabolite, displays pleiotropic effects, including a blockade of glutamatergic and cholinergic receptors. Apart from well-known glial origin, kynurenic acid is robustly synthesized in the endothelium and its serum levels correlate with homocysteine, a risk factor for cognitive decline.

Increased expression of kynurenine aminotransferases mRNA in lymphocytes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Complex interaction of genetic defects with environmental factors seems to play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating data implicate a potential role of disturbed tryptophan metabolism in IBD. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a derivative of tryptophan (TRP) along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, displays cytoprotective and immunomodulating properties, whereas 3-OH-KYN is a cytotoxic compound, generating free radicals.

Potential Effect of on the Cell Cycle of Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs).

The connective tissue of the umbilical cord contains stem cells called Wharton's jelly cells. These cells express core transcription factors (, , and ). The protein product of the gene controls the cell cycle by interacting with cyclin D (directly and indirectly) and cycle inhibitors-p21 and p27, as well as two E2f3 protein isoforms.