Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta gene are associated with skeletal muscle glucose uptake.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors. It includes PPAR-delta, a key regulator of fatty acid oxidation and energy uncoupling, universally expressed in different tissues. The PPAR-delta gene (PPARD) maps to 6p21.

The effect of the Ala12 allele of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on skeletal muscle glucose uptake depends on obesity: a positron emission tomography study.

Context: The Pro(12)Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with insulin sensitivity. Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance, but the association of the Pro(12)Ala polymorphism with body weight has been controversial. Furthermore, obesity may modulate the effect of this polymorphism on insulin sensitivity.

Insulin- and exercise-stimulated skeletal muscle blood flow and glucose uptake in obese men.

Objective: Insulin resistance in obese subjects results in the impaired use of glucose by insulin-sensitive tissues, e.g., skeletal muscle.

Amino acid uptake in the skeletal muscle measured using [11C]methylaminoisobutyrate (MEAIB) and PET.

An amino acid analogue, [(11)C]MeAIB, recently introduced for oncological positron emission tomography (PET) studies, is a highly selective substrate for insulin-sensitive amino acid transport system A. The aim of this study was to study the uptake kinetics of [(11)C]MeAIB in skeletal muscle in the fasting state and during insulin stimulation. Two dynamic PET studies were carried out in 11 healthy subjects, once in the fasting state and once during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (serum insulin 67+/-12 mU l(-1)).

Glucose uptake and perfusion in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue during insulin stimulation in nonobese and obese humans.

To elucidate the role of adipose tissue glucose uptake in whole-body metabolism, sc and visceral adipose tissue glucose uptake and perfusion were measured in 10 nonobese and 10 age-matched obese men with positron emission tomography using [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and [(15)O]-labeled water during normoglycemic hyperinsulinemia. Whole-body and skeletal muscle glucose uptake rates per kilogram were lower in obese than in nonobese subjects (P < 0.01).