Psychological well-being of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: Prior studies on the psychological well-being in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) have reported controversial results. Our aim was to compare the psychological well-being and lifestyle factors in patients with PIBD and their controls and to assess the role of contributing disease characteristics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 PIBD patients aged 6-17 years (26 with Crohn's disease [CD], 34 with ulcerative colitis [UC] or unclassified colitis [IBD-U]) from two university hospitals in Finland, and their age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Measurement practices of alanine aminotransferase in children: Temporal changes and etiology for increased values.

Data on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement practices and diagnoses associated with increased values are limited. We evaluated these issues by collecting ALT measurements from 1- to 16-year-old patients investigated in 1992-2018 in a tertiary center. Diagnoses were gathered in 2008-2018.

Alanine aminotransferase cutoffs for the pediatric fatty liver disease: Major impact of the reference population.

Objectives And Study: The often-recommended alanine aminotransferase (ALT) cutoffs (girls 21 U/l, boys 25 U/l) are based on a NHANES cohort. A novel concept of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes the role of ALT. We tested the prevalence of increased ALT and MASLD in children with overweight or obesity applying population-based and NHANES-based cut-offs.

Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in overweight Finnish children and adolescents.

Introduction: Data on the prevalence of pediatric fatty liver disease remain limited, partly due to challenges in diagnosis. A novel concept of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) makes it possible to establish the diagnosis in overweight children with sufficiently elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and metabolic co-morbidities of MAFLD in a large group of overweight children.

Frequency and clinical significance of histologic upper gastrointestinal tract findings in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: Assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) may enable more personalized treatment strategies in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, data on the frequency and significance of these findings remain limited.

Methods: Data on 132 pediatric IBD patients with systematic UGI sampling were collected and the baseline characteristics and presence of complications compared between those with and without histological UGI findings.

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Helicobacter Pylori-negative Chronic Gastritis in Children.

Objectives: The clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori-negative chronic gastritis (HPNCG) in children is unclear. We examined this issue in patients who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy with systematic gastric sampling.

Methods: Data of 1178 consecutive children who underwent diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy were collected.

Impact of diagnostic delay to the clinical presentation and associated factors in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective study.

Background: Undelayed diagnosis is thought to be a major determinant for good prognosis in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD). However, factors predicting diagnostic delay and the consequences of this remain poorly defined. We investigated these issues in a well-defined cohort of PIBD patients.

Parental Mental Well-Being and Frequency of Adult-Child Nature Visits: The Mediating Roles of Parents' Perceived Barriers.

Regular access to green space has been shown to provide several health benefits for children. However, children today spend less time outdoors. Thus, it has become important to understand what drives and limits children's activities in nature.

Iron Transporter Protein Expressions in Children with Celiac Disease.

Anemia is a frequent finding in children with celiac disease but the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms in the intestine remain obscure. One possible explanation could be an abnormal expression of duodenal iron transport proteins. However, the results have so far been inconsistent.

Relationship between screen time and sleep among Finnish preschool children: results from the DAGIS study.

Study Objectives: To examine the associations between screen time, the time spent on different screen devices, and sleep in a sample of Finnish preschool children.

Methods: The current study analyzed cross-sectional data from the DAGIS study carried out in Finland in 2015-2016 on 736 children aged 3-6 years. Parents reported in a 7-day diary the durations the child used screen devices daily, with separate details about watching TV or DVDs, using tablets or smartphones, and using computers.

Type 1 tyrosinemia in Finland: a nationwide study.

Background: Introduction of nitisinone and newborn screening (NBS) have transformed the treatment of type 1 tyrosinemia, but the effects of these changes on the long-term outcomes remain obscure. Also, the predictors for later complications, the significance of drug levels and the normalization of laboratory and imaging findings are poorly known. We investigated these issues in a nationwide study.

Clinical characteristics and long-term health in celiac disease patients diagnosed in early childhood: Large cohort study.

Background: Early detection of celiac disease could theoretically prevent most of the disease-associated complications, but long-term effects of this approach are unclear.

Aims: To investigate features at diagnosis and adulthood health in celiac disease patients diagnosed in early childhood in 1965-2014.

Methods: Medical data on 978 pediatric patients were collected and study questionnaires sent to 559 adult patients who were diagnosed in childhood.

Effects of the Preschool-Based Family-Involving DAGIS Intervention Program on Children's Energy Balance-Related Behaviors and Self-Regulation Skills: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial.

The study examines the effects of a preschool-based family-involving multicomponent intervention on children's energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) such as food consumption, screen time and physical activity (PA), and self-regulation (SR) skills, and whether the intervention effects differed among children with low or high parental educational level (PEL) backgrounds. The Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) intervention was conducted as a clustered randomized controlled trial, clustered at preschool level, over five months in 2017-2018. Altogether, 802 children aged 3-6 years in age participated.

X-ray microtomography is a novel method for accurate evaluation of small-bowel mucosal morphology and surface area.

The often poorly orientated small-bowel mucosal biopsies taken for the diagnostics of celiac disease and other intestinal disorders are prone to misinterpretation. Furthermore, conventional histopathology has suboptimal sensitivity for early histopathological changes observed in short-term challenge studies. X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) is a promising new method for accurate imaging of human-derived biological samples.

Association of screen time with long-term stress and temperament in preschoolers: results from the DAGIS study.

Screen time is increasing rapidly in young children. The aim of this study was to examine associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in Finnish preschool children and the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Cross-sectional DAGIS data were utilized.

Prevalence and clinical significance of esophageal abnormalities in children with celiac disease.

Variable endoscopic and histological findings of esophageal lining are often detected in celiac disease, with unknown significance. We investigated the frequency and significance of such abnormalities in children. Macroscopic esophageal findings as reported by endoscopist and histological results by pathologist were compared between 316 celiac disease patients and 378 disease controls who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with systematic esophageal biopsy sampling.

First Scandinavian case of successful pregnancy during nitisinone treatment for type 1 tyrosinemia.

Background Type 1 tyrosinemia is a hereditary metabolic disease in which tyrosine metabolites damage the liver and kidneys. Nitisinone medication revolutionized the treatment, but the effects of the drug during human pregnancy are unknown. Case presentation A 17-year-old tyrosinemia patient became pregnant.

Diagnostic findings and long-term prognosis in children with anemia undergoing GI endoscopies.

Background And Aims: Intestinal diseases are regarded as a common cause of anemia, but the diagnostic outcomes of children with anemia undergoing endoscopic investigations are unclear. We investigated this issue in a large cohort of children.

Methods: Indications for and findings of consecutive gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies were collected.

Presentation of Celiac Disease in Finnish Children Is No Longer Changing: A 50-Year Perspective.

Objectives: To chart trends in the presentation of celiac disease in a large cohort of Finnish children diagnosed over a period of 48 years.

Study Design: Clinical and serologic data, severity of small-bowel mucosal damage, and presence of associated conditions were gathered from 596 children diagnosed with celiac disease in 1966-2013. The children were divided into 4 groups based on the year of diagnosis (before 1980, 1980-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2013), and the variables were compared between the periods.

Mother-child interaction on video compared with infant observation: Is five minutes enough time for assessment?

In this small-scale preliminary study, we compared the correlation between assessments based on short videorecordings and infant observation. Five mother-infant dyads were assessed when the child was 1 year of age according to the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment method (PCERA, 65 items) developed by Roseanne Clark (1985), using both observations covering 1 year and a 5-min videorecording. The agreement between two video raters was sufficient (κ = 0.