Combined exercise-induced modulation of Notch pathway and muscle quality in senescence-accelerated mice.

The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, inflammation, and aging. This study investigated the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the Notch pathway in C2C12 cells, as well as explored the effects of combined endurance and resistance exercise on the Notch and autophagy pathways in the skeletal muscle of senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 Sedentary (SAMR1 CT), SAMR1 exercised (SAMR1 EX), senescence-accelerated prone mouse 8 Sedentary (SAMP8 CT), and SAMP8 exercised (SAMP8 EX). C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with siIL-10.

Inflammatory crosstalk impairs phagocytic receptors and aggravates atherosclerosis in clonal hematopoiesis in mice.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) increases inflammasome-linked atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms by which CH mutant cells transmit inflammatory signals to nonmutant cells are largely unknown. To address this question, we transplanted 1.5% Jak2V617F (Jak2VF) bone marrow (BM) cells with 98.

Short-term exercise counteracts accelerated ageing impacts on physical performance and liver health in mice.

Senescence impairs liver physiology, mitochondrial function and circadian regulation, resulting in systemic metabolic dysregulation. Given the limited research on the effects of combined exercise on an ageing liver, this study aimed to evaluate its impact on liver metabolism, circadian rhythms and mitochondrial function in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) and senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. Histological, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblotting analyses were conducted, supplemented by transcriptomic data sets and AML12 hepatocyte studies.

Seasonality Structures Avian Functional Diversity and Niche Packing Across North America.

Assemblages in seasonal ecosystems undergo striking changes in species composition and diversity across the annual cycle. Despite a long-standing recognition that seasonality structures biogeographic gradients in taxonomic diversity (e.g.

Design, development, and implementation of IsoBank: A centralized repository for isotopic data.

Stable isotope data have made pivotal contributions to nearly every discipline of the physical and natural sciences. As the generation and application of stable isotope data continues to grow exponentially, so does the need for a unifying data repository to improve accessibility and promote collaborative engagement. This paper provides an overview of the design, development, and implementation of IsoBank (www.

The Effects of High-Fat Diet and Flaxseed Oil-Enriched Diet on the Lung Parenchyma of Obese Mice.

Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are widely investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential, however, there is little evidence regarding their action in the lung parenchyma in the context of obesity. The objective is to investigate the effects of flaxseed oil (FS), rich in α-linolenic (C18:3 - ω3), on the lungs of obese mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks to induce obesity.

Asymmetrical predation intensity produces divergent antipredator behaviours in primary and secondary prey.

It is widely recognized that predators can influence prey through both direct consumption and by inducing costly antipredator behaviours, the latter of which can produce nonconsumptive effects that cascade through trophic systems. Yet, determining how particular prey manage risk in natural settings remains challenging as empirical studies disproportionately focus on single predator-prey dyads. Here, we contrast foraging strategies within the context of a primary and secondary prey to explore how antipredator behaviours emerge as a product of predation intensity as well as the setting in which an encounter takes place.

The role of interleukin-10 in mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress in aged mice through exercise.

Although unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for cellular protection, its prolonged activation may induce apoptosis, compromising cellular longevity. The aging process increases the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in skeletal muscle. However, whether combined exercise can prevent age-induced ER stress in skeletal muscle remains unknown.

Tissue-specific roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response during obesity.

Obesity is a worldwide multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism, increasing adiposity, weight gain, and promoting related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent findings have reported that metabolic stress related to obesity induces a mitochondrial stress response called mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR), a quality control pathway that occurs in a nuclear DNA-mitochondria crosstalk, causing transduction of chaperones and proteases under stress conditions. The duality of UPR signaling, with both beneficial and detrimental effects, acts in different contexts depending on the tissue, cell type, and physiological states, affecting the mitochondrial function and efficiency and the metabolism homeostasis during obesity, which remains not fully clarified.

Missing history of a modern domesticate: Historical demographics and genetic diversity in farm-bred red fox populations.

The first record of captive-bred red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) dates to 1896 when a breeding enterprise emerged in the provinces of Atlantic Canada. Because its domestication happened during recent history, the red fox offers a unique opportunity to examine the genetic diversity of an emerging domesticated species in the context of documented historical and economic influences. In particular, the historical record suggests that North American and Eurasian farm-bred populations likely experienced different demographic trajectories.

Parabrachial Calca neurons drive nociplasticity.

Pain that persists beyond the time required for tissue healing and pain that arises in the absence of tissue injury, collectively referred to as nociplastic pain, are poorly understood phenomena mediated by plasticity within the central nervous system. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is a hub that relays aversive sensory information and appears to play a role in nociplasticity. Here, by preventing PBN Calca neurons from releasing neurotransmitters, we demonstrate that activation of Calca neurons is necessary for the manifestation and maintenance of chronic pain.

Effects of aerobic exercise on the regulation of mitochondrial carrier homolog-2 and its influence on the catabolic and anabolic activity of lipids in the mesenteric adipose tissue of obese mice.

The aim was to understand the direct impact of aerobic short-term exercise on lipid metabolism, specifically in regulating the mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) and how it interferes with lipid metabolism in mesenteric adipose tissue. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: control, sedentary obese, and exercised obese. The obese groups were induced into obesity for fourteen weeks of a high-fat diet, and the trained submitted to seven aerobic exercise sessions.

Suppression of IL-1β promotes beneficial accumulation of fibroblast-like cells in atherosclerotic plaques in clonal hematopoiesis.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Murine models of CH suggest a central role of inflammasomes and IL-1β in accelerated atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Here we show using single-cell RNA sequencing in human carotid plaques that inflammasome components are enriched in macrophages, while the receptor for IL-1β is enriched in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (SMCs).

Rho-Kinase Is Differentially Expressed in the Adipose Tissue of Rodent and Human in Response to Aging, Sex, and Acute Exercise.

White adipose tissue (WAT) controls energy storage, expenditure, and endocrine function. Rho-kinase (ROCK) is related to impaired thermogenesis, downregulation of preadipocyte differentiation, and adipokine production. Furthermore, WAT ROCK responds to metabolic stress from high-fat diets or diabetes.

Acute exercise modulates Trim63 and Bmal1 in the skeletal muscle of IL-10 knockout mice.

The anti-inflammatory role of physical exercise is mediated by interleukin 10 (IL-10), and their release is possibly upregulated in response to IL-6. Previous studies demonstrated that mice lacking IL-6 (IL-6 KO mice) exhibited diminished exercise tolerance, and reduced strength. Rev-erbα, a transcriptional suppressor involved in circadian rhythm, has been discovered to inhibit the expression of genes linked to bodily functions, encompassing inflammation and metabolism.

Parabrachial neurons drive nociplasticity.

Pain that persists beyond the time required for tissue healing and pain that arises in the absence of tissue injury are poorly understood phenomena mediated by plasticity within the central nervous system. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is a hub that relays aversive sensory information and appears to play a role in nociplasticity. Here, by preventing PBN neurons from releasing neurotransmitter or directly stimulating them we demonstrate that activation of neurons is both necessary for the manifestation of chronic pain after nerve ligation and is sufficient to drive nociplasticity in wild-type mice.

Physical exercise elicits UPR in the skeletal muscle: The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

Objective: The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular response to stress to ensure mitochondrial proteostasis and function. Here we explore the capacity of physical exercise to induce UPR in the skeletal muscle.

Methods: Therefore, we combined mouse models of exercise (swimming and treadmill running), pharmacological intervention, and bioinformatics analyses.

Utilization of an Artery-on-a-Chip to Unravel Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Vascular Diseases.

In this study, organ-on-chip technology is used to develop an in vitro model of medium-to-large size arteries, the artery-on-a-chip (AoC), with the objective to recapitulate the structure of the arterial wall and the relevant hemodynamic forces affecting luminal cells. AoCs exposed either to in vivo-like shear stress values or kept in static conditions are assessed to generate a panel of novel genes modulated by shear stress. Considering the crucial role played by shear stress alterations in carotid arteries affected by atherosclerosis (CAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) disease development/progression, a patient cohort of hemodynamically relevant specimens is utilized, consisting of diseased and non-diseased (internal control) vessel regions from the same patient.

The circular RNA Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated regulates oxidative stress in smooth muscle cells in expanding abdominal aortic aneurysms.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathological widening of the aortic wall characterized by loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), extracellular matrix degradation, and local inflammation. This condition is often asymptomatic until rupture occurs, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Diagnosis is mostly accidental and the only currently available treatment option remains surgical intervention.

Older forests function as energetic and demographic refugia for a climate-sensitive species.

More frequent and extreme heat waves threaten climate-sensitive species. Structurally complex, older forests can buffer these effects by creating cool microclimates, although the mechanisms by which forest refugia mitigate physiological responses to heat exposure and subsequent population-level consequences remain relatively unexplored. We leveraged fine-scale movement data, doubly labeled water, and two decades of demographic data for the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) to (1) assess the role of older forest characteristics as potential energetic buffers for individuals and (2) examine the subsequent value of older forests as refugia for a core population in the Sierra Nevada and a periphery population in the San Bernardino Mountains.

Landscape heterogeneity provides co-benefits to predator and prey.

Predator populations are imperiled globally, due in part to changing habitat and trophic interactions. Theoretical and laboratory studies suggest that heterogeneous landscapes containing prey refuges acting as source habitats can benefit both predator and prey populations, although the importance of heterogeneity in natural systems is uncertain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity mediates predator-prey interactions between the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis)-a mature forest species-and one of its principal prey, the dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes)-a younger forest species-to the benefit of both.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Rescues the Contractile Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype in Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Disease.

Popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) is the most frequent peripheral aneurysm, primarily seen in male smokers with a prevalence below 1%. This exploratory study aims to shed light on cellular mechanisms involved in PAA progression. Sixteen human PAA and eight non-aneurysmatic popliteal artery samples, partially from the same patients, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence imaging, Affymetrix mRNA expression profiling, qPCR and OLink proteomics, and compared to atherosclerotic ( = 6) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissue ( = 19).