Electrophysiological findings in extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen.

Purpose: To present electroretinogram findings in extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen (EMAP) and describe associated systemic factors.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Data on medical history, visual symptoms, multimodal imaging findings, and visual field were collected from the medical records of patients with extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen who attended a visual electrophysiology laboratory.

Regional Disparities in Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness, Cataract Surgical Coverage and Ocular Findings in Adults 50 Years and Older in Brazil: A Comparative Analysis between Two Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys Performed Within a 10-Year Interval.

Purpose: To investigate disparities in the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness, cataract surgical coverage, and ocular findings in older adults from two Brazilian geo-socio-demographic areas, São Paulo and Parintins cities.

Methods: Data from two population-based studies including participants 50 years and older from the cities of São Paulo (São Paulo Eye Study - SPES, 2004) and Parintins (Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey - BARES, 2014) were aggregated.

Results: A total of 5318 participants (3677 from SPES;1641 from BARES) were included.

Impact of pterygium on central corneal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in older adults.

Purpose: To measure the central corneal thickness (CCT) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in older adults with and without pterygium from the Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey (BARES).

Methods: BARES is a population-based epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted in Parintins city. Participants were residents ≥45 years of age identified through a door-to-door interview.

Contribution of objectively measured grating acuity by sweep visually evoked potentials to the diagnosis of unexplained visual loss.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic contribution of grating visual acuity (GVA) measured by sweep pattern-reversal visually evoked potentials (SPRVEP) in unexplained visual loss (UVL).

Methods: This case-control study included adult patients under suspicion of UVL referred to SPRVEP and transient pattern-reversal visually evoked potentials (TPRVEP) testing. Optotype visual acuity (OVA) was measured by ETDRS 4-meter chart and GVA by SPRVEP.

Prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Recently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that might lead an individual to seek for eyecare services. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity (VA) status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Disturbances were grouped into: Eyelids; Anterior Segment; Posterior Segment; Increased intraocular pressure; and Overall Globe.

Impaired Ganglion Cell Function Objectively Assessed by the Photopic Negative Response in Affected and Asymptomatic Members From Brazilian Families With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

The photopic negative response (PhNR) is an electrophysiological method that provides retinal ganglion cell function assessment using full-field stimulation that does not require clear optics or refractive correction. The purpose of this study was to assess ganglion cell function by PhNR in affected and asymptomatic carriers from Brazilian families with LHON. Individuals either under suspicion or previously diagnosed with LHON and their family members were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study.

Grating visual acuity impairment assessed by sweep visually evoked potentials in children with optic pathway tumors unable to perform optotype acuity tests.

Purpose: To determine visual impairment due to optic pathway tumors in children unable to perform recognition acuity tests.

Methods: Grating visual acuity scores, in logMAR, were obtained by sweep visually evoked potentials (SVEP) in children with optic pathway tumors. The binocular grating visual acuity deficit was calculated by comparison with age-based norms and then assigned to categories of visual impairment as mild (from 0.

Grating Visual Acuity in phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic Poodles.

Objective: To compare the grating visual acuity (VA) measured by visual evoked potentials (VEP) in phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic Poodles.

Animals Studied: Thirty-six Poodle dogs aged from 4 to 14 years.

Procedures: Animals were allocated into three different groups according to their lens status: phakic group (n = 12), aphakic group (n = 12), and pseudophakic group (n = 12).

Photopic negative response using a handheld mini-ganzfeld stimulator in healthy adults: normative values, intra- and inter-session variability.

Purpose: To determine normative values, intra- and inter-session variability for a range of parameters derived from the photopic negative response (PhNR) using a handheld mini-Ganzfeld stimulator in healthy normal adults.

Methods: Light-adapted flash full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from healthy individuals with no visual complaints, visual acuity equal to or better than 0.0 logMAR (20/20 Snellen), and negative family history for visual diseases.

Visual function assessed by visually evoked potentials in adults with orbital and other primary intracranial tumors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess visual function by visually evoked potentials in adults with orbital and other primary brain tumors affecting the optic pathway.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control series, patients with orbital (intraconal and extraconal) or midline/chiasmatic tumors were included. Visually evoked potentials using pattern-reversal visually evoked potential and flash visually evoked potential stimuli were performed according to the international standards.

Pterygium in adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region: prevalence, visual status and refractive errors.

Aims: To determine prevalence of pterygium, its role as main cause of unilateral and bilateral visual impairment and blindness and its impact on refractive errors from adults living in a high ultraviolet exposure area in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Methods: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting subjects ≥45 years of age from urban and rural areas of Parintins city. Eligible subjects were enumerated through a door-to-door household survey and invited for an eye exam including refraction.

Population-Based Cataract Surgery Complications and Their Impact on Visual Status in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Purpose: To investigate cataract surgery prevalence, complications, visual outcomes, and coverage in a population of older adults from the Brazilian Amazon region.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: Individuals ≥45 years of age from urban and rural areas of Parintins City, Brazil, were identified by cluster random sampling.

Electrophysiological findings in delayed discovery of a metallic intraocular foreign body in a child: case report.

Purpose: To report a case of a child with strabismus and delayed discovery of a metallic intraocular foreign body with good recovery of visual acuity and stereopsis with 36-month follow-up.

Methods: A 4-year-old girl was evaluated due to exotropia of right eye initiated 9 months before with progressive worsening. Visual acuity was 1.

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Adults Aged 45 Years and Older from Parintins: The Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey.

: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in adults aged 45 years and older from Parintins, Brazilian Amazon Region. : A random cluster sampling method was used to identify subjects 45 years of age and older from urban and rural census sectors of Parintins city, Amazonas State, from March 2014 to May 2015. Participants underwent a detailed ocular examination, including presenting (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Presbyopia and Ocular Conditions Causing Near Vision Impairment in Older Adults From the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and causes of near vision impairment (NVI) in a population of older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting subjects 45 years of age and older from urban and rural areas of Parintins city, Brazil.

Visual function assessed by visually evoked potentials in optic pathway low-grade gliomas with and without neurofibromatosis type 1.

Purpose: To investigate the contribution of full-field transient pattern-reversal visually evoked potentials (PRVEP) on cross-sectional evaluations of visual function in patients with and without neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) affected by optic pathway low-grade gliomas (OPLGG).

Methods: Participants were children and adolescents referred for visual function evaluation and receiving treatment for OPLGG, linked (NF1-OPLGG) or not to NF1 (Non-NF1-OPLGG). An age-adjusted control group was included for comparison.

Vision Status in Older Adults: The Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey.

Older adults living in remote areas with limited access to health services are at higher risk to develop visual impairment and blindness. We conducted a population-based survey to determine the vision status in subjects 45 years of age and older from urban and rural areas of Parintins city, Brazilian Amazon Region. Participants underwent ophthalmic examination, including uncorrected (UCVA), presenting (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Retinal function in patients with the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis phenotype.

Purpose:: To analyze the clinical features, visual acuity, and full-field electroretinogram (ERG) findings of 15 patients with the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) phenotype and to establish the role of ERG testing in NCL diagnosis.

Methods:: The medical records of five patients with infantile NCL, five with Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, and five with juvenile NCL who underwent full-field ERG testing were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:: Progressive vision loss was the initial symptom in 66.

Gender-based normative values for pattern-reversal and flash visually evoked potentials under binocular and monocular stimulation in healthy adults.

Purpose: To determine gender-based normative values for pattern-reversal (PR) and flash (F) visually evoked potentials (VEP) under binocular and monocular stimulation in healthy adults.

Methods: Healthy adults (age ≥18 years) were recruited among university employees and students. Inclusion criteria were absence of abnormalities in fundoscopy, tracking ability, stereopsis and pupillary reflexes; best-corrected visual acuity ≤.

Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials as a diagnostic tool for ocular malingering.

Purpose:: To investigate the contributions of transient pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of ocular malingering at a Brazilian university hospital.

Methods:: Adult patients with suspected malingering in one or both eyes were referred for visual evoked potential testing. Data from patients' medical records were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.

Dysfunction in the fellow eyes of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopic children assessed by visually evoked potentials.

Purpose:: To evaluate visual acuity and transient pattern reversal (PR) visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in the fellow eyes of children with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods:: Children diagnosed with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia were recruited for electrophysiological assessment by VEPs. Monocular grating and optotype acuity were measured using sweep-VEPs and an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart, respectively.

Contributing factors to VEP grating acuity deficit and inter-ocular acuity difference in children with cerebral visual impairment.

Purpose: To investigate contributing factors to visual evoked potential (VEP) grating acuity deficit (GAD) and inter-ocular acuity difference (IAD) measured by sweep-VEPs in children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI).

Methods: VEP GAD was calculated for the better acuity eye by subtracting acuity thresholds from mean normal VEP grating acuity according to norms from our own laboratory. Deficits were categorized as mild (0.

Sweep visually evoked potentials and visual findings in children with West syndrome.

Background: West syndrome (WS) is a type of early childhood epilepsy characterized by progressive neurological development deterioration that includes vision.

Aim: To demonstrate the clinical importance of grating visual acuity thresholds (GVA) measurement by sweep visually evoked potentials technique (sweep-VEP) as a reliable tool for evaluation of the visual cortex status in WS children.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of the best-corrected binocular GVA and ophthalmological features of WS children referred for the Laboratory of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision of UNIFESP from 1998 to 2012 (Committee on Ethics in Research of UNIFESP n° 0349/08).

Visual acuity and retinal function in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Objective: Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a genetic, multisystem disorder that causes severe visual impairment. This condition is characterized by retinal dystrophy, obesity, digit anomalies, renal disease, and hypogonadism. The purpose of this study was to analyze visual acuity and full-field electroretinogram findings in patients with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome phenotype.