Exploring the Industry-Dermatologist Financial Relationship: Insight From the Open Payment Data.

Importance: Significant ties exist between clinicians and industry. Little is known about the characteristics of industry payments to dermatologists.

Objective: To analyze the nature and extent of industry payments to dermatologists.

Sex Differences in Insular Cortex Gyri Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver.

Sex differences in autonomic regulation may underlie cardiovascular disease variations between females and males. One key autonomic brain region is the insular cortex, which typically consists of five main gyri in each hemisphere, and shows a topographical organization of autonomic function across those gyri. The present study aims to identify possible sex differences in organization of autonomic function in the insula.

Compression of Multiple DNA Sequences Using Intra-Sequence and Inter-Sequence Similarities.

Traditionally, intra-sequence similarity is exploited for compressing a single DNA sequence. Recently, remarkable compression performance of individual DNA sequence from the same population is achieved by encoding its difference with a nearly identical reference sequence. Nevertheless, there is lack of general algorithms that also allow less similar reference sequences.

Effects of thoracic pressure changes on MRI signals in the brain.

Cerebrovascular stressors, such as breath holding or CO2 inhalation, cause global magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal changes. In this study, we show that intrathoracic pressure changes cause rapid MRI signal alterations that have similar spatial patterns to the changes associated with breath holding or CO2 inhalation. Nine subjects performed the Valsalva maneuver during functional MRI data collection.

Cerebellum engages in automation of verb-generation skill.

Numerous studies have shown cerebellar involvement in item-specific association, a form of explicit learning. However, very few have demonstrated cerebellar participation in automation of non-motor cognitive tasks. Applying fMRI to a repeated verb-generation task, we sought to distinguish cerebellar involvement in learning of item-specific noun-verb association and automation of verb generation skill.

Differential responses of the insular cortex gyri to autonomic challenges.

Determining insular functional topography is essential for assessing autonomic consequences of neural injury. We examined that topography in the five major insular cortex gyri to three autonomic challenges, the Valsalva, hand grip, and foot cold pressor, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures. Fifty-seven healthy subjects (age ± std: 47 ± 9 years) performed four 18 s Valsalva maneuvers (30 mm Hg load pressure), four hand grip challenges (16 s at 80% effort), and a foot cold pressor (60 s, 4°C), with fMRI scans recorded every 2 s.