The role of ultrasonography in predicting vesicoureteral reflux.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of renal and bladder ultrasonography (RBU) in predicting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in infants and children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 134 children who had VUR demonstrated on voiding cystourethrography (VCU) and also had RBU within 1 month of the VCU were included in the study, which took place between January 2005 and December 2012. VUR and hydronephrosis were graded with standard methods on VCU and RBU, respectively.

Importance of MRI in the diagnosis of vertebral involvement in generalized cystic lymphangiomatosis.

A 9-year-old boy presented with the sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain and on CT was found to have a large pleural effusion, mediastinal fluid, splenic lesions and multiple apparently sclerotic vertebral bodies. Subsequent MRI showed that those vertebral bodies that appeared sclerotic were in fact normal, and the vertebral bodies initially interpreted as normal had an abnormal T1 and T2 hyperintense signal on MRI and were relatively lucent on CT. MRI also demonstrated abnormal heterogeneous T2 hyperintense paraspinal tissue and several multicystic soft tissue masses.

Magnetic resonance enterography and wireless capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is increasingly used in children due to growing concerns of radiation.

Objective: To determine the performance of MRE, imaging findings were compared to wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) and histology results in children with/or suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Materials And Methods: Pathology and WCE reports were retrospectively reviewed in 23 patients who had MRE.

Intramuscular nodular fasciitis of the rectus abdominis muscle in an 11-year-old girl.

Nodular fasciitis is a benign rapidly proliferating fibrous tumor that is common in adults but relatively uncommon in children. When present in children, nodular fasciitis is typically subcutaneous in location and involves the head and neck. We present a case of intramuscular nodular fasciitis involving the rectus abdominis muscle in an 11-year-old girl and discuss the importance of distinguishing this rare but benign lesion from a more aggressive sarcomatous process.

Visualization of the normal appendix with MR enterography in children.

Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may provide a radiation-sparing alternative to CT in diagnosing appendicitis in children in whom US is equivocal. However, comparability with CT in the detection of the appendix remains to be established.

Objective: To determine the detection rate of the normal appendix in children on oral and IV contrast-enhanced MRI.

Radiologic-pathologic correlation in acute appendicitis: can we use it as a quality measure to assess interpretive accuracy of radiologists?

Radiologic-pathologic correlation was evaluated as a quality assurance tool by documenting error rates of 18 radiologists interpreting computed tomographic (CT) scans for acute appendicitis in 763 patients. The departmental error rate was 3.1%.

Incidence of immediate gadolinium contrast media reactions.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the incidence of immediate adverse events for gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Materials And Methods: All gadolinium-based contrast agent adverse events reported to radiology quality assurance committees were graded according to American College of Radiology criteria and divided by the total number of injections to determine incidence during the past 10 years. For each event, an age- and examination-matched control patient was identified to compare sex, weight, creatinine, eosinophil count, allergic history and gadolinium-based contrast agent dose differences.

Multimodality imaging of a neonatal wandering spleen.

Wandering spleen, a rare entity, is caused by the absence or laxity of the normal anchoring splenic ligaments. Only three neonatal cases have been reported in the English-language literature. We present the clinical and multimodality imaging findings of a newborn with laceration and hemorrhage of a wandering spleen.

Pulmonary blastoma in a neonate: a lesion distinct from pleuropulmonary blastoma with unique cytogenetic features.

Pulmonary blastoma is a rare malignant primary lung neoplasm typically seen in adults that accounts for 0.3-1.3% of lung malignancies.

Segmental dilatation of the ileum in a healthy adolescent.

Segmental intestinal dilatation is a rare entity presenting overwhelmingly in infants and young children with congenital malformations, anemia, or history of gastrointestinal pathology, characterized by a focally distended segment of bowel with abrupt transition points without an obstructing barrier. We present a 16-year-old girl with no significant medical history who presented with bowel obstruction clinically. Segmental dilatation of the ileum was evident on a CT scan and small bowel series.

Pelvic cake kidney with a solitary ureter and bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens.

Cross-fused renal ectopia is an uncommon anomaly, typically drained by 2 ureters. We present a rare case of a patient with bilateral absence of the vas deferens found to have a "cake" or "lump" kidney with fused collecting systems drained by a single ureter.

A dominantly inherited spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with "corner fractures" and congenital scoliosis.

Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) is a term applied to a varied group of skeletal dysplasias that principally involve the spine and the metaphyses of long bones. SMD Sutcliffe or "Corner Fracture" type is characterized by short stature, developmental coxa vara, fragmented appearance of the metaphyses ("corner fractures"), abnormally shaped vertebrae, odontoid hypoplasia, and dominant inheritance. We report a family with a dominantly inherited SMD with "corner fractures" and severe, congenital scoliosis but neither coxa vara nor odontoid abnormalities.

Spontaneous hemopneumothorax.

Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is a potentially fatal condition associated with 1-12% of all spontaneous pneumothoraces. Prompt diagnosis is essential in order to allow for rapid surgical intervention. A case of a 15-year-old male with spontaneous hemopneumothorax diagnosed by CT is presented.