Two new species of Austrobdella (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) from Chile.

Austrobdella coliumicus n. sp. is described from Coliumo Bay, Chile.

[Resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and its association with clinical and epidemiological factors].

Background: Penicillin and third generation cephalosporin resistant pneumococcal isolates have emerged in Chile, mainly in the pediatric population. These isolates complicate therapeutic alternatives, specially among patients with central nervous system infections.

Aim: To assess the frequency of penicillin and third generation cephalosporin resistance among isolates obtained from pediatric patients with invasive pneumococcal infections, and to study serotypes and clinical risk factors associated with resistance.