Prospective risk of Type 2 diabetes in 99 892 Nordic women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 446 055 controls: national cohort study from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

Study Question: What is the prospective risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Nordic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to controls?

Summary Answer: A diagnosis of PCOS and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 is a high-risk phenotype for a prospective risk of T2D diagnosis across Nordic countries.

What Is Known Already: The risk of T2D in women with PCOS is increased. The risk of T2D is related to BMI and the magnitude of risk in normal weight women with PCOS has been discussed.

Environmental contaminants in Arctic human populations: Trends over 30 years.

Introduction: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) monitors persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels in the Arctic populations and assesses health effects related to exposure to them. Many internationally regulated POPs persist in humans and biota, while new Emerging Contaminants of Arctic Concern (ECAC), many of which are unregulated, present additional challenges. Biomonitoring offers valuable insights into temporal trends within human matrices, revealing critical information not only about the efficacy of international regulations but also serving as an early warning system for exposure and risks for human health.

Polycystic ovary syndrome presents as a multimorbid condition by age 50: birth cohort linkage to national register data.

Objective: This population-based follow-up study investigated register-based disease diagnoses and medication use up till age of 50 years among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that were identified from a population-based birth cohort.

Design: Population-based longitudinal cohort study.

Patients: Women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 and/or who were diagnosed with PCOS by a physician by age 46 (n = 244) and women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1556) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Chronotype and metabolic syndrome in midlife: findings from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Evening chronotype is known to be associated with various chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions that together raise the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and other serious health problems. Only a few studies have been published on the association between chronotype and metabolic syndrome in unselected population data, with conflicting results.

Radiological features and treatment of erupting maxillary canines in relation to the occurrence of dental developmental abnormalities.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the radiological features of the permanent canines and the treatment carried out to ensure their eruption relative to certain features involved in Dental Anomaly Patterns (DAP).

Material And Methods: The cross-sectional part of this retrospective register--based study focused on 1,315 dental panoramic tomographs (DPTs) of children aged 8.5-10.

Climacteric status at age 46 is associated with poorer work ability, lower 2-year participation in working life, and a higher 7-year disability retirement rate: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study.

Objective: To study the association between an advanced climacteric status at 46 years of age and current perceived work ability, the consequent 2-year accumulation of disability and unemployment days, and the 7-year incidence of disability pensions.

Methods: Study participants (n = 2,661) were recruited from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study's 46-year follow-up in 2012. The participants' perceived work ability was investigated using the Work Ability Score (0-7 = poor vs 8-10 = good), along with potential covariates.

Previous cancers in women diagnosed with premature ovarian insufficiency: A nationwide population-based case-control study.

Introduction: To investigate the occurrence of previous cancer diagnoses in women suffering from premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and compare it with the general population, shedding light on the association between cancer, cancer treatments, and POI.

Material And Methods: We conducted a nationwide case-control study based on registry data from various sources, including the Social Insurance Institution, Finnish Population Information System, and Finnish Cancer Registry spanning from 1953 to 2018. Our participants comprised all women in Finland who, between 1988 and 2017, received hormone replacement therapy reimbursement for ovarian insufficiency before the age of 40 years (n = 5221).

Sleep disturbances in women with early-onset menopausal transition: a population-based study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate sleep disturbances in 46-yr-old women and their association with early-onset menopausal transition.

Methods: The women of this cross-sectional birth cohort study were divided into climacteric (n = 359) and preclimacteric (n = 2,302) groups by their menopausal status, defined by follicle-stimulating hormone levels and menstrual history. Sleep disturbances were evaluated with Athens Insomnia Scale 5.

Genome-wide association study identifies novel caries-associated loci showing sex-specificity-A study on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

A genome-wide association study was performed in sex-stratified groups representing three different caries phenotypes among adults. The study sample consisted of 46-year-old participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study (n = 1481). The phenotypes for analyses were the dentin caries phenotype (persons having at least one tooth with dentin caries lesion), and the enamel caries phenotype (those having teeth with more than 10 enamel caries lesions), while the control group had <10 enamel caries lesions and no teeth with dentin caries, respectively.

1,25(OH)D and its analogue calcipotriol inhibit the migration of human synovial and mesenchymal stromal cells in a wound healing model - A comparison with glucocorticoids.

Vitamin D analogue calcipotriol is currently used in the local treatment of psoriasis. However, it also has antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects in the cells of the joint - suggesting a possible benefit in local treatment of arthritis. In this study, calcipotriol was studied in different in vitro methods to find out its effect on synovial and mesenchymal stromal cells.

Low and high serum IgG associates with respiratory infections in a young and working age population.

Background: We investigated health consequences and genetic properties associated with serum IgG concentration in a young and working age general population.

Methods: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966, n = 12,231) health data have been collected from birth to 52 years of age. Relationships between life-long health events, medications, chronic conditions, lifestyle, and serum IgG concentration measured at age 46 years (n = 5430) were analysed.

Features of Dental Anomaly Patterns in Finnish children as seen in panoramic radiographs at the late mixed stage.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of the developmental abnormalities involved in Dental Anomaly Patterns (DAP) and investigate their co-occurrence in an age cohort of children with late mixed dentition.

Material And Methods: Retrospective, register-based study focused on 1315 panoramic radiographs of children aged 8.5-10.

Vitamin D Status in Women with a History of Infertility and Decreased Fecundability: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Infertility and fecundability problems have been linked with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, but studies conducted with small, heterogenous or selected populations have shown inconsistent results.

Methods: This study included women at age 31 from prospective population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated between women with or without previous infertility examinations or treatments (infertility group, = 375, reference group, = 2051) and time to pregnancy (TTP) of over 12 months (decreased fecundability group, = 338) with a wide range of confounders.

Increased overall morbidity in women with endometriosis: a population-based follow-up study until age 50.

Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between endometriosis and nongynecological diseases in the general female population by age 50?

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting: Study participants with and without endometriosis were identified from a general population-based birth cohort. The analyzed data, linking to the national hospital discharge registers, spanned up to the age of 50 years.

Association of climacterium with temporomandibular disorders at the age of 46 years - a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Hormonal factors have been suggested to contribute to female dominance among subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Aim of the study was to examine the association of climacteric status with TMD amongst female participants in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC) 1966 at 46 years of age.

Material And Methods: Among female subjects in NFBC1966, climacteric status was determined based on menstrual anamnesis and measurement of blood follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.

Climacteric status is associated with sexual dysfunction at the age of 46 years: a population-based study.

Objective: Increasing age and menopausal transition increase the risk of sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is common in women experiencing menopause before the age of 40 years, whereas evidence on sexual function in women experiencing menopause in their mid-40s is scarce. We aimed to investigate sexual function in 46-year-old women in relation to their menopausal status.

52-year follow-up of a birth cohort reveals a high pneumonia incidence among young men.

Background: Knowledge of pneumonia incidence and risk factors in adults is mainly based on clinical studies of selected patient data and registers with ageing populations. Prospective population-based investigations, such as birth cohort studies, are needed to understand pneumonia incidence and risk factors among young and working-age populations.

Methods: Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC) 1966 data (n=6750) were analysed for pneumonia incidence and risk factors.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are burdened with multimorbidity and medication use independent of body mass index at late fertile age: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: This population-based follow-up study investigated the comorbidities, medication use, and healthcare services among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at age 46 years.

Material And Methods: The study population derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and consisted of women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 years and/or a PCOS diagnosis by age 46 years (n = 246) and controls without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1573), referred to as non-PCOS women. The main outcome measures were self-reported data on symptoms, diagnosed diseases, and medication and healthcare service use at the age of 46 years.

Crown heights in the permanent teeth of 47,XXY males and 47,XXX females.

Objective: Earlier results based on dental casts and radiographs have shown that additional X and Y chromosomes influence permanent and deciduous tooth crown sizes, with 47,XYY males exhibiting greater crown heights than 46,XY males. We studied here the effect of both X and Y chromosomes on tooth crown heights.

Material And Methods: The series consisted of 48 47,XXY males, 22 of their male relatives, and seven 47,XXX females with five female relatives.

10-year follow-up study on attendance pattern after dental treatment in primary oral health care clinic for fearful patients.

Background: Dental fear may lead to avoidance of regular dental treatment. The scope of this long-term practe-based study was to monitor the dental attendance of patients who received chair-side dental and fear treatment.

Methods: In 2000-2006, patients in the City of Oulu, Finland, received treatment for dental fear in the Clinic for Fearful Dental Patients (CFDP) from primary health care dentists trained on this subject.

Association of temporomandibular disorders with pain sensitivity: A cohort study.

Background: Pain related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be linked with multiple site pain (MSP), and may associate with increased pain sensitivity, more frequently among women than men. The aim of the study was to examine the associations of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and tolerance (PPTo) with TMD and associated MSP in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) study.

Methods: Altogether 1961 NFBC1966 subjects attended clinical medical and dental examination at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu in 2012-2013.

The determinants and longitudinal changes in vitamin D status in middle-age: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study.

Purpose: Populations living in the Nordic countries are at high risk for vitamin D (VitD) deficiency or insufficiency. To reduce the risk, nationwide interventions based on food fortification and supplementation are being implemented. However, there is limited evidence about the impact of such public health campaigns on target populations.

Is climacterium by the mid-40s associated with thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity? A population-based study.

Objective: We investigated whether more advanced climacteric stage in the mid-40s is associated with thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included 2,569 46-year-old women. Thyroid hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were determined.

Early-onset climacterium is not associated with impaired vitamin D status: a population-based study.

Objective: To investigate vitamin D status in women with the onset of the climacteric phase by age 46 as both early menopause and inadequate vitamin D status may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included 2,544, 46-year-old women from a birth cohort. Women were divided into the following two groups according to their menstrual history and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration: 1) climacteric (FSH ≥25 IU/L and amenorrhea ≥4 mo, n = 351) and 2) preclimacteric women (FSH <25 IU/L and having regular/irregular menstrual cycles, n = 2,193).

Associations between Bolton ratio and overjet deviations in a Finnish adult population.

Objective: To determine the anterior Bolton ratio for a Finnish adult population and to investigate its associations with overjet.

Material And Methods: This study is part of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Clinical oral investigations, including three-dimensional intraoral scanning and registration of occlusion, were performed in connection with the 46-year follow-up for 1,961 subjects.