The effect of lifestyle interventions on depressive symptom severity in individuals with type-2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe metabolic condition which is commonly comorbid with depression. Lifestyle factors are involved in the pathophysiology of both conditions; however, the role of lifestyle interventions remains unclear.

Objective: The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature on randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of lifestyle interventions on depressive scores in patients with T2DM.

Coconut oil: an overview of cardiometabolic effects and the public health burden of misinformation.

Recent data from meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) suggest that dietary intake of coconut oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, does not result in cardiometabolic benefits, nor in improvements in anthropometric, lipid, glycemic, and subclinical inflammation parameters. Nevertheless, its consumption has surged in recent years all over the world, a phenomenon which can possibly be explained by an increasing belief among health professionals that this oil is as healthy as, or perhaps even healthier than, other oils, in addition to social network misinformation spread. The objective of this review is to present nutritional and epidemiological aspects related to coconut oil, its relationship with metabolic and cardiovascular health, as well as possible hypotheses to explain its high rate of consumption, in spite of the most recent data regarding its actual effects.

Cancer Outcomes Among Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Populations With Dietary and Physical Activity-based Lifestyle Interventions.

Context: People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have higher risks of cancer incidence and death.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary and physical activity-based lifestyle intervention and cancer outcomes among prediabetes and T2D populations.

Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials with at least 24 months of lifestyle interventions in prediabetes or T2D populations.

Risk of bias and certainty of evidence on the association between obesity and mortality in patients with SARS-COV-2: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Background & Aims: This umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis (SR-MAs) aimed to evaluate the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence of SR-MAs on the association between obesity and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search until April 22, 2022, in several databases and assessed the risk of bias of SR-MAs according to AMSTAR-2 and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. The degree of overlap between meta-analyses was based on the corrected covered area (CCA) index.

Long-term Effect of Lifestyle Interventions on the Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality of Subjects With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Lifestyle interventions improve the metabolic control of individuals with hyperglycemia.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the effect of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in this population.

Data Sources: Searches were made through MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science (no date/language restriction, until 15 May 2022).

The effects of coconut oil on the cardiometabolic profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Despite having a 92% concentration of saturated fatty acid composition, leading to an apparently unfavorable lipid profile, body weight and glycemic effect, coconut oil is consumed worldwide. Thus, we conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to analyze the effect of coconut oil intake on different cardiometabolic outcomes.

Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, and LILACS for RCTs conducted prior to April 2022.

A systematic review on the agreement between clinical practice guidelines regarding the steps of the nutrition care process of adult patients who are critically ill.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the nutrition management of adult patients who are critically ill present divergences on recommendations regarding the nutrition care process (NCP), which bring difficulties in their application. We aimed to compare the recommendations from these CPGs and present a synthesis of them for each step of the NCP in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.

Methods: Systematic review of CPGs on nutrition care in ICU, searched in six databases up to January 2022.

Quality appraisal of clinical nutrition practice guidelines for critically ill adult patients: a systematic review using the Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting and Evaluation in Health Care instrument II (AGREE-II) and AGREE-Recommendation Excellence (AGREE-REX).

Nutritional therapy should follow evidence-based practice, thus several societies regarding nutrition and critical care have developed specific Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). However, to be regarded as trustworthy, the quality of the CPG for critically ill patients and its recommendations need to be high. This systematic review aimed to appraise the methodology and recommendations of nutrition CPG for critically ill patients.

Prevalence, associated factors, and prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cohort study.

Background And Aims: Besides pulmonary dysfunctions, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) also frequently have systemic comorbidities. Among these, sarcopenia is associated with worse pulmonary function and clinical outcomes. Patients with acute exacerbated COPD (AECOPD) have increased systemic inflammation, which can intensify muscle dysfunction.

Decline of nutritional status in the first week of hospitalisation predicts longer length of stay and hospital readmission during 6-month follow-up.

Nutritional status (NS) monitoring is an essential step of the nutrition care process. To assess changes in NS throughout hospitalisation and its ability to predict clinical outcomes, a prospective cohort study with patients over 18 years of age was conducted. The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) was performed within 48 h of admission and 7 d later.

Low Muscle Mass Is a Predictor of Malnutrition and Prolonged Hospital Stay in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is more prevalent during times of exacerbation. Fat-free mass index (FFMI), calf circumference (CC), and adductor muscle pollicis thickness (AMPT) can be used to identify reduced muscle mass and have been found to be good predictors of clinical outcomes in other conditions, but they have not been investigated in COPD. Therefore, this study evaluated low muscle mass as predictor of malnutrition, prolonged length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital death in COPD patients.

Concurrent and Predictive Validity of AND-ASPEN Malnutrition Consensus Is Satisfactory in Hospitalized Patients: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is the reference method to identify hospital malnutrition. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND-ASPEN) proposed a more objective consensus, but studies regarding its validity are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent and predictive validity of the AND-ASPEN Consensus.

Reduced Handgrip Strength in Hospital Admission Predicts Prolonged Hospital Stay and Death but Is Not Accurate to Identify Malnutrition: A Longitudinal Study of Reduced Handgrip Strength in Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Malnourished patients present impairment of functionality due to loss of strength and muscle mass. However, the validity of handgrip strength (HGS) in identifying malnutrition and its association with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients requires investigation.

Aims: Evaluate the accuracy of HGS in identifying malnutrition, its association with clinical outcomes, and the change in HGS in the first 2 weeks of hospitalization.