Assessment of the consequences of caregiving in psychosis: a psychometric comparison of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ).

Background: The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was originally developed to assess the level of subjective burden in caregivers of people with dementia. The Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) is amongst the leading scales to assess caregiving consequences in severe mental illness. We aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the ZBI, a generic tool, and of the IEQ, a more specific tool to assess the consequences of caregiving in schizophrenia and related disorders.

Interventions for caregivers of patients with dementia.

Introduction: With the aging of the population, an increasing number of people have dementia, most of whom are receiving home care. Caregivers are exposed to a variety of stressors, which may lead to feeling burdened, or to depression and anxiety. Various programs or structured interventions have been developed to prevent or lessen these negative consequences.

A retrospective study of nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions for patients with mental disorders.

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the most frequent NANDA-I nursing diagnoses, NOC outcomes, and NIC interventions used in nursing care plans in relation to psychiatric diagnosis.

Background: Although numerous studies have described the most prevalent NANDA-I, NIC and NOC labels in association with medical diagnosis in different specialties, only few connect these with psychiatric diagnoses.

Methods: This multicentric cross-sectional study was developed in Spain.

[Assessment tools to measure burden in the informal caregiver of patients with dementia].

Unlabelled: The complexity of dementia caregiver burden concept has led to a significant number of assessment tests using various approaches. For this reason, a review of these measurementss could be useful for clinical or research purposes.

Objective: The objective of the study is to perform an updated review on the tools available, classifying them according to the burden criterion by studying their characteristics and psychometric properties, and providing those most relevant for application.

Effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention group program in the reduction of the burden experienced by caregivers of patients with dementia: the EDUCA-II randomized trial.

We conducted a multicenter, prospective, evaluator-blinded, 2-arm parallel randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of a group psychoeducational intervention (PIP) with that of standard care in dementia caregivers. The primary outcome was the burden experience evaluated by the Zarit Burden Interview. Secondary outcomes were psychological distress evaluated with the scaled General Health Questionnaire-28 items, and quality of life evaluated with the Short-Form Health Survey 12.

[Nursing care for psychiatric patients defined by NANDA-NIC-NOC terminology: a literature review].

Aim: The purpose of this literature review is to provide a synthesis of the most relevant studies describing nursing work in mental health by means of NNN taxonomy.

Method: Literature from 1990 to September 2011 was reviewed using the "scoping review" methodology. Three independent reviewers examined the articles which were found and selected those fulfilling the inclusion criteria for subsequent analysis.

Unidimensional 12-item Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview for the assessment of dementia caregivers' burden obtained by item response theory.

Objectives: To develop a one-dimensional version of the 22-item Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) by applying item response theory approaches.

Methods: The answers to the 22-item ZBI of 241 caregivers participating in a clinical trial were analyzed 1) with a Mokken nonparametric item response theory analysis to ascertain the dimensional structure underlying the scale and obtain a one-dimensional reduced version, 2) with the Samejima's graded response model to assess the item characteristics of the reduced version, and 3) with confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the unidimensionality of the reduced ZBI version and assess the item loadings to the burden latent variable.

Results: Mokken analysis resulted in a major one-dimensional scale comprising 12 items directly related with burden.