Thyroid Follicular Cell-derived Carcinomas in a Background of Multiple Adenomatous Nodules Leading to a Diagnosis of Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome in an Adult Patient With a Novel Mutation.

Background: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a complex disorder. Carriers develop hamartomatous tumors, with an increased risk for developing malignant tumors in multiple organs. Surveillance to facilitate the early detection and treatment of malignancies is extremely important.

Cytokine expression in the epidural space: a model of noncompressive disc herniation-induced inflammation.

Study Design: Animal study.

Objective: Development of an animal model for the study of biochemical changes that occur in the epidural space after intervertebral disc herniation.

Summary Of Background Data: Although strong evidence for an inflammatory component exists, the biochemical processes underlying pain after disc herniation remain unknown.