Stability of fiducial cephalometric landmarks of growing Class II malocclusion patients: a three-dimensional retrospective study.

Objectives: To evaluate three-dimensionally (3D) the stability of Nasion (Na), Sella (S), Basion (Ba), Porion (Po), and Orbitale (Or) in different age groups of growing Class II malocclusion patients and, additionally, to assess rotational changes of the S-Na and Ba-Na lines and the Frankfurt Horizontal Plane (FHP).

Materials And Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography studies of 67 Class II division 1 malocclusion patients, acquired at baseline (T0) and 1 year later (T1), were retrospectively assessed. Anterior cranial fossa was used for volumetric superimposition.

Three-dimensional assessment of the middle cranial fossa and central skull base following Herbst appliance treatment.

Objectives:: The purpose of this three-dimensional (3D) study was to assess retrospectively the middle cranial fossa and central skull base of patients treated with the Herbst appliance (HA).

Materials And Methods:: 3D surface virtual models of 40 Class II, division 1 malocclusion patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquired before treatment (T0) and after 8 months of HA treatment (T1). T0 and T1 3D models were superimposed volumetrically at the anterior cranial fossa.

Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?

Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children.

Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5-9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography.

Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion.

Objectives: To test the null hypotheses that the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles are identical on the Class I and Class II sides of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective three-dimensional (3D) assessments of the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles were made in patients with Class II malocclusion. Relative to a fiducial reference at the anterior cranial base, distances from the glenoid fossae and condyles were calculated in pretreatment cone beam computed tomographic scans of 82 patients: 41 with Class II and 41 with Class II subdivision malocclusions.

Displacement of the Mandibular Condyles Immediately after Herbst Appliance Insertion - 3D Assessment.

Objective: To test the following two hypotheses regarding the consequences of Herbst appliance (HA) insertion: 1) a significant clockwise mandibular rotation will occur and 2) the displacement of the condyles will follow the same magnitude of the changes of overjet (OJ) and overbite (OB).

Methods: Virtual 3D surface models of 25 patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomographs taken before treatment and immediately after HA insertion. Scans were registered on the cranial base and were analyzed using point-to-point measurements, color-coded maps, and semitransparent overlays.

Maxillary second molar impaction in the adjacent ectopic third molar: Report of five rare cases.

Maxillary second molar impaction in the adjacent ectopic third molar is a rare condition that practitioners might face in the field of pediatric dentistry and orthodontics. The early diagnosis and extraction of the adjacent ectopic third molar have been advocated, and prior research has reported a high rate of spontaneous eruption following third molar removal. However, some challenges in the daily practice are that the early diagnosis of this type of tooth impaction is difficult with conventional radiographic examination, and sometimes the early surgical removal of the maxillary third molar must be postponed because of the risks of damaging the second molar.

Rapid maxillary expansion: Do banded teeth develop more external root resorption than non-banded anchorage teeth?

Objective: To compare external root resorption (ERR) when bands and wires are used as orthodontic anchorage during rapid maxillary expansion (RME).

Materials And Methods: Histologic analysis was performed on 108 sites from 18 maxillary first premolars and on 36 sites from six mandibular first premolars in nine subjects (mean age = 15.2 ± 1.

Effective and Efficient Herbst Appliance Therapy for Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Patient with a Low Degree of Collaboration with the Orthodontic Treatment.

The current concept for effective and efficient treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion prescribes that interceptive approach should be delivered during the pubertal growth stage. However, psychosocial issues and a greater risk of dental trauma are also factors that should be addressed when considering early Class II therapy. This paper reports a case of a patient that sought orthodontic treatment due to aesthetic discomfort with the incisors' protrusion.

Are distinct etiologies of upper airway obstruction in mouth-breathing children associated with different cephalometric patterns?

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that mouth-breathing (MB) children by distinct obstructive tissues present a similar cephalometric pattern.

Methods: The sample included 226 prepubescent children (113 MB and 113 nasal breathing (NB) controls). An ENT clinical examination, including flexible nasal endoscopy, orthodontic clinical and cephalometric examinations, was performed on the MB population.