Hyperoxia prevents the dynamic neonatal increases in lung mesenchymal cell diversity.

Rapid expansion of the pulmonary microvasculature through angiogenesis drives alveolarization, the final stage of lung development that occurs postnatally and dramatically increases lung gas-exchange surface area. Disruption of pulmonary angiogenesis induces long-term structural and physiologic lung abnormalities, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a disease characterized by compromised alveolarization. Although endothelial cells are primary determinants of pulmonary angiogenesis, mesenchymal cells (MC) play a critical and dual role in angiogenesis and alveolarization.

Glycolytic reprogramming fuels myeloid cell-driven hypercoagulability.

Background: Myeloid cell metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of inflammatory disease; however, its role in inflammation-induced hypercoagulability is poorly understood.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the role of inflammation-associated metabolic reprogramming in regulating blood coagulation.

Methods: We used novel myeloid cell-based global hemostasis assays and murine models of immunometabolic disease.

Dysregulated haemostasis in thrombo-inflammatory disease.

Inflammatory disease is often associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in affected patients, although in most instances, the mechanistic basis for this increased thrombogenicity remains poorly understood. Acute infection, as exemplified by sepsis, malaria and most recently, COVID-19, drives 'immunothrombosis', where the immune defence response to capture and neutralise invading pathogens causes concurrent activation of deleterious prothrombotic cellular and biological responses. Moreover, dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, and neurodegenerative disorders, are now recognised to occur in parallel with activation of coagulation.

The circadian clock influences T cell responses to vaccination by regulating dendritic cell antigen processing.

Dendritic cells play a key role in processing and presenting antigens to naïve T cells to prime adaptive immunity. Circadian rhythms are known to regulate many aspects of immunity; however, the role of circadian rhythms in dendritic cell function is still unclear. Here, we show greater T cell responses when mice are immunised in the middle of their rest versus their active phase.