Skin autonomous antibody production regulates host-microbiota interactions.

The microbiota colonizes each barrier site and broadly controls host physiology. However, when uncontrolled, microbial colonists can also promote inflammation and induce systemic infection. The unique strategies employed at each barrier tissue to control the coexistence of the host with its microbiota remain largely elusive.

Genetic and biochemical characterization of BIM-1, a novel acquired subgroup B1 MBL found in a Pseudomonas sp. strain from the Brazilian Amazon region.

Objectives: To characterize a novel acquired MBL, BIM-1, in a Pseudomonas #2 (subgroup P. guariconensis) strain isolated from the Aurá river located in the Brazilian Amazon hydrographic basin.

Methods: WGS using an Illumina® MiSeq System was used to characterize the genome of Pseudomonas sp.

Keratinocyte-intrinsic MHCII expression controls microbiota-induced Th1 cell responses.

The cross-talk between the microbiota and the immune system plays a fundamental role in the control of host physiology. However, the tissue-specific factors controlling this dialogue remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that T cell responses to commensal colonization are associated with the development of organized cellular clusters within the skin epithelium.

Do different probing depths exhibit striking differences in microbial profiles?

Aim: To perform a thorough characterization of the subgingival microbiota of shallow, moderate and deep sites in subjects with chronic periodontitis (ChP).

Material And Methods: Subgingival samples were collected from subjects with ChP (n = 3/category of probing depth: ≤3, 4-6 and ≥7 mm) and periodontal health (PH). Individual samples were submitted to 16S rDNA high- throughput sequencing and the analysis was made using mothur and R packages.

Draft genome sequence of a CTX-M-15-producing endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae ST198 isolate from commercial lettuce.

CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections globally. In this study, we present the draft genome sequence of the first CTX-M-15-producing endophytic K. pneumoniae strain, belonging to sequence type 198 (ST198) and isolated from commercial lettuce, which can be used as a reference sequence for comparative analysis with clinical and environmental strains of K.

Influence of glycemic control on the levels of subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of glycemic control on the levels and frequency of subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and generalized chronic periodontitis (ChP).

Material And Methods: Fifty-six patients with generalized ChP and type 2 DM were assigned according to the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) into one of the following groups: HbA1c<8% (n=28) or HbA1c≥8% (n=28). Three subgingival biofilm samples from sites with probing depth (PD)<5 mm and three samples from sites with PD≥5 mm were analyzed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the presence and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Eubacterium nodatum, Parvimona micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp.

The Current Weight of Evidence of the Microbiologic Profile Associated With Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review.

Background: There is currently no consensus regarding microorganisms that may be considered true peri-implant pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to determine the weight of evidence for microorganisms related to peri-implantitis based on results of association studies.

Methods: This review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA).

Comparison of independent and dependent culture methods for the detection of transient bacteremia in diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Introduction: Oral-derived bacteremia may occur after several dental procedures and routine daily activities. Some conditions of the oral cavity may favor episodes of bacteremia. This would be the case of patients with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, who exhibit exacerbated gingival inflammation and may be more prone to developing oral-derived bacteremia.

First Report of the Globally Disseminated IncX4 Plasmid Carrying the mcr-1 Gene in a Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Sequence Type 101 Isolate from a Human Infection in Brazil.

A colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strain was recovered from a patient with a diabetic foot infection in Brazil. Whole-genome analysis revealed that the E. coli isolate belonged to the widespread sequence type (ST) 101 and harbored the mcr-1 gene on an IncX4 plasmid that was highly similar to mcr-1-bearing IncX4 plasmids that were recently identified in Enterobacteriaceae from food, animal, and human samples recovered on different continents.

Association of three putative periodontal pathogens with chronic periodontitis in Brazilian subjects.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Filifactor alocis and Dialister pneumosintes with the occurrence of periodontitis. Material and Methods Thirty subjects with chronic periodontitis (ChP) and 10 with periodontal health (PH) were included in the study. Nine subgingival biofilm samples were collected as follows: i) PH group - from the mesial/buccal aspect of each tooth in two randomly chosen contralateral quadrants; ii) ChP group - from three sites in each of the following probing depth (PD) categories: shallow (≤3 mm), moderate (4-6 mm) and deep (≥7 mm).

Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus FCFHV36, a Methicillin-Resistant Strain Heterogeneously Resistant to Vancomycin.

We report here the sequence of the entire chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus strain FCFHV36, a methicillin-resistant strain heterogeneously intermediate to vancomycin, bearing a type II staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec element (SCCmec), belonging to multilocus sequence type (MLST) 105, and isolated from a vertebra of a patient with osteomyelitis.

The effect of systemic antibiotics administered during the active phase of non-surgical periodontal therapy or after the healing phase: a systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the clinical effectiveness of systemic antibiotics administered in the active stage of periodontal treatment or after the healing phase.

Material And Methods: An electronic search was performed in the databases EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. A manual search of the reference list of selected studies and of review articles was also performed up to November 2013.

Complete Genome Sequence of Linezolid-Susceptible Staphylococcus haemolyticus Sh29/312/L2, a Clonal Derivative of a Linezolid-Resistant Clinical Strain.

We report the whole-genome sequence (WGS) of an in vitro susceptible derivative revertant mutant from a bloodstream isolate involved in a nosocomial outbreak in Brazil. The WGS comprises 2.5 Mb with 2,500 protein-coding sequences, 16rRNA genes, and 60 tRNA genes.

Complete Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis Strain AI06, an Endophyte of the Amazonian Açaí Palm.

We report the genome, in a single chromosome, of Lactococcus lactis strain AI06, isolated from the mesocarp of the açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea) in eastern Amazonia, Brazil. This strain is an endophyte of the açaí palm and also a component of the microbiota of the edible food product.

Microbiological diversity of peri-implantitis biofilms.

The open-ended microbial diagnostic approaches such as the complete or partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal gene by Sanger sequencing or by pyrosequencing have provided new insights into the diversity of the oral microbiota. These techniques have recently been used to evaluate the microbiota associated with osseointegrated implants and these results have expanded the knowledge on the diversity of the microbial communities associated with peri-implantitis. Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that the diversity of the microbial community of peri-implantitis and periodontitis might not be as similar as previously thought.

Metronidazole and amoxicillin as adjuncts to scaling and root planing for the treatment of type 2 diabetic subjects with periodontitis: 1-year outcomes of a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the use of metronidazole (MTZ) + amoxicillin (AMX) as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of chronic periodontitis (ChP) in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Material And Methods: Fifty-eight type 2 diabetic subjects (n = 29/group) with generalized ChP were randomly assigned to receive SRP alone or with MTZ [400 mg/thrice a day (TID)]+AMX (500 mg/TID) for 14 days. Subgingival biofilm samples were analyzed by qPCR for the presence of seven periodontal pathogens.

Complete nucleotide sequences of two blaKPC-2-bearing IncN Plasmids isolated from sequence type 442 Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains four years apart.

We sequenced the oldest blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid isolated in Brazil and another plasmid also carried by a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of sequence type 442 (ST442), isolated 52 months later. Both plasmids present an IncN backbone and few acquired regions. Because the 2005 plasmid presented deletions and a truncated gene within Tn4401b compared to the 2009 plasmid, we can thus infer that IncN blaKPC-2-bearing plasmids pFCF1305 and pFCF3SP had a common ancestor circulating in Brazil prior to May 2005.

Whole genome sequencing of environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 from 10 nanograms of DNA using short reads.

Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) of DNA using φ29 (phi29) DNA polymerase amplifies DNA several billion-fold, which has proved to be potentially very useful for evaluating genome information in a culture-independent manner. Whole genome sequencing using DNA from a single prokaryotic genome copy amplified by MDA has not yet been achieved due to the formation of chimeras and skewed amplification of genomic regions during the MDA step, which then precludes genome assembly. We have hereby addressed the issue by using 10 ng of genomic Vibrio cholerae DNA extracted within an agarose plug to ensure circularity as a starting point for MDA and then sequencing the amplified yield using the SOLiD platform.

Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in isolates from subgingival plaque and blood sample during bacteremia.

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered as a major etiological agent in the onset and progression of chronic destructive periodontitis. Porphyromonus gingivalis fimA type has been correlated to the virulence potential of the strain; therefore this gene could be involved in the ability of P. gingivalis to reach blood stream.