Development of the Alcohol and Cannabis Simultaneous Use Scale (ACSUS) in College Students.

Background: Despite the prevalence and negative outcomes associated with simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., marijuana [SAM] use; i.

Parent, Teacher, and Youth Reports on Measures of Reactive and Proactive Aggression.

Background: More research is needed to improve measurement selection and to better understand informant differences in reports of reactive and proactive aggression.

Objective: Toward this goal, the current study evaluated the psychometrics (i.e.

Associations between forms of aggression and peer victimization: Does prosocial behavior matter?

Relatively little is known regarding factors that may mitigate the strength of the associations between forms of aggressive behavior and peer victimization. The goal of the current study was to investigate prosocial behavior as a moderator of these links over a 2-year period during middle childhood. Participants included 410 third-grade students (53% boys) and their homeroom teachers.

Creating profiles of juvenile offenders using functions of aggression and callous-unemotional traits: relations to crime type.

A rich line of criminological theories and research has suggested that individual characteristics may be important to predicting criminal activity. However, there is limited research examining how individual characteristics may be related to the type of crime committed (e.g.

Are perceived containment and coping styles differentially associated with reactive and proactive aggression?

Studies informing ways to target aggression in youth, particularly through the identification of internal patterns predictive of concurrent and future levels of aggression, could be particularly beneficial. To this end, the current study surveyed 216 elementary-aged children on topics of perceived containment (i.e.

Do after-school activities help mitigate the negative impact of community violence exposure? A person-centered approach.

The current study used a person-centered approach to identify classes of after-school activities that may reduce the harmful effects, including anxiety and depression, of community violence exposure (CVE) in Latino youth. Participants in the current study included 144 students (54.2% male, ages 14-19) who were recruited from a charter high school in a large, Midwestern city.

Alcohol Use and Internalizing Symptoms Among High School students: Does Parental Permission Matter?

This study sought to examine percentages of youth who use alcohol with and/or without parental permission and associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety. At least one in four youth indicated use with parental permission, with approximately 12.7% of youth indicating that they use alcohol both with and without parental permission.

Psychometric properties of the children's emotion management scales within a psychiatric sample.

The Children's Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) are widely used measures of children's emotion regulation strategies in response to three specific emotions: sadness, anger, and worry. Original factor analyses suggested a three-factor subscale structure for each emotion: inhibition, dysregulation, and coping (Zeman et al., 2001, 2002, 2010).

The mediating role of impulsivity in the associations between child maltreatment types and past month substance use.

Background: Child maltreatment has emerged as an important risk factor for substance use. However, despite evidence consistently demonstrating that substance use peaks during emerging adulthood, less is known about the specificity of maltreatment effects on substance use during this critical developmental period. Further, the factors that might play a role in these associations are not well understood.

Interactive Effects of Coping Strategies and Emotion Dysregulation on Risk for Peer Victimization.

The aim of the current longitudinal study was to examine the interactive effects of six common coping strategies (i.e., adult support seeking, friend support seeking, problem solving, humor, passive coping, and cognitive distancing) and emotion (i.

Impact of Sibling Victimization on Child Internalizing Symptoms.

The current study examined associations between sibling victimization and anxiety and depression symptoms while also considering peer victimization within time and six months later among elementary school-age youth. Both sibling and peer victimization were associated with depression symptoms within as well as across time when considered independently. However, when examined together, peer victimization was only uniquely associated with depression symptoms within time and sibling victimization was only uniquely associated with depression symptoms across time.

Varying Experiences of Cyber Victimization among Middle and High School Students.

Background: Although cyber victimization (CV) occurs in both middle school (MS) and high school (HS)-and these experiences appear to differ between boys and girls-to our knowledge, no studies have directly examined these differences across specific acts of CV. Further, limited research has examined school environment factors, such as school safety and attachment, as they relate to CV.

Objectives: The current study compared CV experiences reported by boys and girls in both MS and HS as well as examined CV's association with perceived school safety and school attachment.

Relationship Between Body Habitus and Aggression Subtypes Among Healthy Young Adults from the American Midwest.

This study examined associations between body habitus and functions of aggression, in a sample of 474 college students from the Midwestern region of the United States (age range = 18-25y; 73% Caucasian). Two instruments of aggression, the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire from Dodge & Coie 1987 (DC) and Raine et al. 2006 (RPQ) were given as self-assessments.

Parallel Trajectories of Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Middle Childhood and Their Outcomes in Early Adolescence.

This study used an accelerated longitudinal design to investigate trajectories of proactive and reactive aggression in middle childhood and their outcomes in early adolescence. Children (N = 1420; ages 5-12; 48% female) were assessed biannually over 6 school years. Classroom teachers rated students' proactive and reactive aggression throughout grades K-5; and multi-method (teacher-report, self-report, school records) measures of peer problems, depressive symptoms, academic performance, disciplinary actions, and school absenteeism were collected throughout grades 3-5.

Demographic Differences in Youth Perceptions of Staff: A National Evaluation of Adjudicated Youth.

Despite the large societal and personal cost associated with the detainment of juvenile offenders in residential facilities, little is known about the factors that contribute to youth behavior while incarcerated. One factor that may be of importance to maintaining security within facilities and improving rehabilitation efforts is youth's perceptions of correctional staff, namely, youth's perceptions of positive staff characteristics (e.g.

Emotion Regulation Attenuates the Prospective Links from Peer Victimization to Internalizing Symptoms during Middle Childhood.

: Peer victimization has been shown to be a robust predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms over time. Relatively little is known, however, regarding what protective factors may attenuate these associations and render youth more resilient to this interpersonal stressor. Therefore, the current study examined sadness and worry regulation as moderators of the prospective links from peer victimization to internalizing symptoms over a 1-year period.

Exploring Longitudinal Mechanisms of Irritability in Children: Implications for Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention.

Severe irritability is a common and clinically important problem longitudinally associated with internalizing and externalizing problems in children. To better understand these mechanisms and to inform treatment research, we tested cognitive-behavioral processes as candidate mediators in the paths from irritability to later problems. Methods: A school sample (N = 238, 48% female, ages 8-10) was assessed at ~6-month intervals in fall (T1) and spring (T2) of third to fourth grade, and again the following fall (T3).

Sex-Dimorphic Interactions of Genotype and Child Maltreatment Predispose College Students to Polysubstance Use.

Polysubstance use (PSU) is highly prevalent among college students. Recent evidence indicates that PSU is based on gene x environment (G×E) interactions, yet the specific biosocial factors underlying this problem remain elusive. We recently reported that lifetime use of tobacco and cannabis in college students is influenced by the interaction of the X-linked (monoamine oxidase A) gene and child maltreatment.