Real-world data of Brazilian adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) treated with burosumab and comparison with other worldwide cohorts.

Background: Disease-related variants in PHEX cause XLH by an increase of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) circulating levels, resulting in hypophosphatemia and 1,25(OH) vitamin D deficiency. XLH manifests in early life with rickets and persists in adulthood with osseous and extraosseous manifestations. Conventional therapy (oral phosphate and calcitriol) improves some symptoms, but evidence show that it is not completely effective, and it can lead to nephrocalcinosis (NC) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT).

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 has multiple ancestral origins.

Introduction: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder due to expansions of a CAG repeat tract (CAGexp) at the ATXN2 gene. Previous studies found only one ancestral haplotype worldwide, with a C allele at rs695871. This homogeneity was unexpected, given the severe anticipations related to SCA2.

Achondroplasia in Latin America: practical recommendations for the multidisciplinary care of pediatric patients.

Background: Achondroplasia is the most common bone dysplasia associated with disproportionate short stature, and other comorbidities, such as foramen magnum stenosis, thoracolumbar kyphosis, lumbar hyperlordosis, genu varum and spinal compression. Additionally, patients affected with this condition have higher frequency of sleep disorders, ear infections, hearing loss and slowed development milestones. Considering these clinical features, we aimed to summarize the regional experts' recommendations for the multidisciplinary management of patients with achondroplasia in Latin America, a vast geographic territory with multicultural characteristics and with socio-economical differences of developing countries.

Mucopolysaccharidosis VII in Brazil: natural history and clinical findings.

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII), also known as Sly syndrome, caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase, is an ultra-rare disorder with scarce epidemiological data and few publications about natural history and clinical spectrum.

Methods: We conducted a case series report which included retrospective data from all MPS VII patients diagnosed through the "MPS Brazil Network" who were known to be alive in 2020 in Brazil (N = 13). Clinical data were obtained from a review of the medical records and descriptive statistics and variables were summarized using counts and percentages of the total population.

Genotype-phenotype studies in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with Hunter syndrome.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants in the IDS gene, leading to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase and consequent widespread storage of glycosaminoglycans, leading to several clinical consequences, with progressive manifestations which most times includes cognitive decline. MPS II has wide allelic and clinical heterogeneity and a complex genotype-phenotype correlation. We evaluated data from 501 Brazilian patients diagnosed with MPS II from 1982 to 2020.

Enzyme replacement therapy interruption in patients with Mucopolysaccharidoses: Recommendations for distinct scenarios in Latin America.

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders, leading to the progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the subsequent compromising of tissues and organ malfunction. Although incurable, most types of MPS can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), an approach that has had positive effects on the natural clinical evolution and which impact has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, to date, there is relatively little data regarding the effects of ERT interruption, especially in Latin America, where such interruption may be frequent due to a variety of issues (for instance, difficulties involving logistics, reimbursement and/or payment withdrawal).

Molecular characterization of a large group of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC patients reveals the evolutionary history of the disease.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPSIIIC) is a severe, rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the heparan-α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT) gene which result in lysosomal accumulation of heparan sulfate. We analyzed clinical presentation, molecular defects and their haplotype context in 78 (27 novel) MPSIIIC cases from 22 countries, the largest group studied so far. We describe for the first time disease-causing variants in the patients from Brazil, Algeria, Azerbaijan, and Iran, and extend their spectrum within Canada, Colombia, Turkey, and the USA.

Evaluation of plasma biomarkers of inflammation in patients with maple syrup urine disease.

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that affects branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism and is associated with acute and chronic brain dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that inflammation may be involved in the neuropathology of MSUD. However, these studies have mainly focused on single or small subsets of proteins or molecules.

Relationship Between Occlusal Features and Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidoses.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the relation between occlusal features and enzyme replacement therapy in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 20 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses, 10 of whom were undergoing treatment at a hospital in northeast Brazil.

Major Contribution of Genomic Copy Number Variation in Syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: The Use of MLPA as the First Genetic Test.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital disorder among live births. When associated with extracardiac abnormalities, it is characterized as a syndromic heart disease (syndromic CHD) and corresponds to 25% of all liveborn infants with a heart defect. The etiology in about 65% of the cases still remains unknown, and in about 35% of the patients, it is associated with genetic factors.

Correction: Biotinidase deficiency: Genotype-biochemical phenotype association in Brazilian patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The phenotypic spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome.

In October 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH). In response, the Brazilian Society of Medical Genetics established a task force (SBGM-ZETF) to study the phenotype of infants born with microcephaly due to ZIKV congenital infection and delineate the phenotypic spectrum of this newly recognized teratogen. This study was based on the clinical evaluation and neuroimaging of 83 infants born during the period from July, 2015 to March, 2016 and registered by the SBGM-ZETF.

Evaluation of oral manifestations of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IV and VI: clinical and imaging study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess oral manifestations in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IV (MPS IVA) and mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI).

Materials And Methods: Seventeen patients were assessed, nine with MPS IVA and eight with MPS VI, treated at the Medical Genetics Outpatient Clinic of Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro (HUAC) in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil. Assessments included clinical and intraoral examinations, analysis of occlusal function, and panoramic X-rays.

Identifying CNVs in 15q11q13 and 16p11.2 of Patients with Seizures Increases the Rates of Detecting Pathogenic Changes.

Chromosomal changes are frequently observed in patients with syndromic seizures. Understanding the genetic etiology of this pathology is crucial for the guidance and genetic counseling of families as well as for the establishment of appropriate treatment. A combination of MLPA kits was used to identify pathogenic CNVs in a group of 70 syndromic patients with seizures.

Molecular analysis of the CTSK gene in a cohort of 33 Brazilian families with pycnodysostosis from a cluster in a Brazilian Northeast region.

Background: Pycnodysostosis is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, the prevalence of which is estimated to be low (1 per million). Nevertheless, in recent years we have found 27 affected individuals from 22 families in Ceará State, a region of the Brazilian Northeast, giving a local prevalence of 3 per million. This local prevalence associated with a high parental consanguinity, suggesting a possible founder effect, prompted us to perform a molecular investigation of these families to test this hypothesis.

Spinocerebellar ataxias in Brazil--frequencies and modulating effects of related genes.

This study describes the frequency of spinocerebellar ataxias and of CAG repeats range in different geographical regions of Brazil, and explores the hypothetical role of normal CAG repeats at ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, CACNA1A, and ATXN7 genes on age at onset and on neurological findings. Patients with symptoms and family history compatible with a SCA were recruited in 11 cities of the country; clinical data and DNA samples were collected. Capillary electrophoresis was performed to detect CAG lengths at SCA1, SCA2, SCA3/MJD, SCA6, SCA7, SCA12, SCA17, and DRPLA associated genes, and a repeat primed PCR was used to detect ATTCT expansions at SCA10 gene.

Oral and systemic manifestations of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI: a report of seven cases.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of rare metabolic diseases characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. MPS type VI or Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome is an autosomal-recessive syndrome caused by mutations in the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase B. A defect in the gene leads to accumulation of nondegraded mucopolysaccharides, resulting in severe cellular dysfunction with multisystem expression.

Using a combination of MLPA kits to detect chromosomal imbalances in patients with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation is a valuable choice for developing countries.

Conventional karyotyping detects anomalies in 3-15% of patients with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation (MCA/MR). Whole-genome array screening (WGAS) has been consistently suggested as the first choice diagnostic test for this group of patients, but it is very costly for large-scale use in developing countries. We evaluated the use of a combination of Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) kits to increase the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in MCA/MR patients.

[The normative of the caring on children above one-year-old: a study of meanings applied by the professionals of Family Health Program (FHP)].

The Family Health Program was implanted as a change strategy and reorganization of the assistance model, aiming to overcome the fragmentation of care and, then, proposes a quality, humanitarian integral attending. The objective of this work is to identify how children under one-year-old have been cared by professionals of FHP. The study has a qualitative approach, and data was produced in four creative and sensitive workshops.