Genome survey sequencing of the phyto-parasitic nematode .

Background: is a plant-parasite nematode with a broad range of hosts. This nematode is known to damage cotton, corn, and soybean crops. is also an economically important pest of turfgrasses.

First report of Seville root-knot nematode, (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) in the USA and North America.

A high number of second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode were recovered from soil samples collected from a corn field, located in Pickens County, South Carolina, USA in 2019. Extracted nematodes were examined morphologically and molecularly for species identification which indicated that the specimens of root knot juveniles were The morphological examination and morphometric details from second-stage juveniles were consistent with the original description and redescriptions of this species. The ITS rRNA, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, intergenic -16S region, and gene sequences were obtained from the South Carolina population of .

Observations on the Population Genetic Structure of the Leaf Galling Nematode, .

is a plant parasitic nematode that induces galls on aboveground parts of Melastomataceae plants. It differs from most gall-inducing nematodes in that it is not an endoparasite and has been considered as a possible biological control agent against invasive species of . Little is known about biology, genetic differences among populations, and host preferences.

Classification Methods and Identification of Reniform Nematode Resistance in Known Soybean Cyst Nematode-Resistant Soybean Genotypes.

Plant parasitic nematodes are a major yield-limiting factor of soybean in the United States and Canada. It has been indicated that soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Ichinohe) and reniform nematode (RN; Linford and Oliveira) resistance could be genetically related. For many years, fragmentary data have shown this relationship.

First report of pathogenic on hybrid lavender ( ×) in the United States.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), spp., are some of the most economically important pathogens of cultivated plants. is one of the most destructive RKN species and is well known for its broad host range and the severe damage it causes to plant roots (Perry et al.

First Genomic Resource of the Columbia Lance Nematode .

The Columbia lance nematode has been reported frequently from North America due to its negative impact on agricultural production. In this study, for the first time, we sequenced the whole genome of a female specimen by using whole-genome amplification and Illumina MiSeq. Data were de novo assembled to form scaffolds of 205.

Identification of Sweet Potato Germplasm Resistant to Pathotypically Distinct Isolates of from the Carolinas.

(syn. is an emergent species of root-knot nematode that has become a serious threat to sweet potato () production in the southeastern United States. The most popular sweet potato cultivars grown in this region are highly susceptible to .

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Columbia lance nematode, Hoplolaimus columbus, a major agricultural pathogen in North America.

Background: The plant-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus columbus is a pathogen that uses a wide range of hosts and causes substantial yield loss in agricultural fields in North America. This study describes, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. columbus from South Carolina, USA.

Detoxification-related gene expression accompanies anhydrobiosis in the foliar nematode ().

The foliar nematode () is a quarantined pest that infects a broad range of herbaceous and woody plants. Previous work has demonstrated its remarkable ability to survive rapid and extreme desiccation, although the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its anhydrobiotic response have not been characterized. The authors used RNA sequencing and transcriptome assembly to compare patterns of gene expression between hydrated and 24-hr desiccated nematodes.

Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Host Suitability in Soybean.

Reniform nematode () is a yield-limiting pathogen of soybean () in the southeastern region of the United States. A population of 250 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) (F) developed from a cross between reniform nematode resistant soybean cultivar Forrest and susceptible cultivar Williams 82 was utilized to identify regions associated with host suitability. A genetic linkage map was constructed using single-nucleotide polymorphism markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing.

Cucurbit Rootstocks Resistant to f. sp. Remain Resistant When Coinfected by in the Field.

Interspecific hybrid squash ( × ) rootstocks used to graft watermelon ( var. ) are resistant to f. sp.

Molecular Characterization and Identification of Stubby Root Nematode Species From Multiple States in the United States.

Stubby root nematodes (SRN) are important plant parasites infecting many crops and widely distributed in many regions of the United States. SRN transmit Tobacco rattle virus, which causes potato corky ringspot disease, thereby having a significant economic impact on the potato industry. In 2015 to 2017, 184 soil samples and 16 nematode suspensions from North Dakota, Minnesota, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Florida were assayed for the presence of SRN.

Retention of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in Cucurbit Rootstocks Infected by Meloidogyne incognita.

Interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata 'Strong Tosa') and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria 'Macis') rootstocks are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Multiple Nodulation Genes Are Up-Regulated During Establishment of Reniform Nematode Feeding Sites in Soybean.

The semi-endoparastic reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) infects over 300 plant species. Females penetrate host roots and induce formation of complex, multinucleate feeding sites called syncytia. While anatomical changes associated with reniform nematode infection are well documented, little is known about their molecular basis.

(Nematoda: Mermithidae) Infection in South Carolina Agricultural Pests.

Native and invasive stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the closely related invasive (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) are agricultural pests in the southeastern United States. Natural enemies, from various phyla, parasitize these pests and contribute to population regulation. We specifically investigated Nematoda infections in pentatomid and plataspid pests in one soybean field in South Carolina in 2015.

Distribution of Hoplolaimus Species in Soybean Fields in South Carolina and North Carolina.

Hoplolaimus columbus is an important nematode pest of soybean in South Carolina and North Carolina. Tolerant cultivars are available for the management of this plant-parasitic nematode; however, variation in the response of soybean cultivars to H. columbus populations has been observed.

Spatial distribution of reniform nematode in cotton as influenced by soil texture and crop rotations.

Reniform nematode (RN) is an important pest in cotton production. Knowledge of the distribution patterns of RN is essential for selecting sampling strategies and for site-specific management. A 3-year study was conducted in two fields in South Carolina with the purpose of characterizing the distribution of RN using a fine-scale sampling scheme in plots representing different soil textures (field 1), and using a large-scale arbitrary sampling scheme (field 2).

Induction of Glutaredoxin Expression in Response to Desiccation Stress in the Foliar Nematode Aphelenchoides fragariae.

Desiccation tolerance plays an important role in the overwinter survival of the foliar nematode Aphelenchoides fragariae. Survival rates of A. fragariae were compared with those of the anhydrobiotic soil-dwelling nematode Aphelenchus avenae after desiccation (90% RH), cold (4°C) and osmotic (500 mM sucrose) stress treatments.

Conventional PCR Detection and Real-Time PCR Quantification of Reniform Nematodes.

Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is a relatively recent introduction into the continental United States that can cause major yield losses on a variety of important crops including cotton and soybeans. DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of this nematode were used to design primers for conventional and real-time PCR, as well as a TaqMan probe. These primers amplified DNA of reniform nematode isolates from a wide geographic range but did not detect genetically related species or other pathogenic nematodes found in production fields including Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines.

A Protocol for Assessing Resistance to Aphelenchoides fragariae in Hosta Cultivars.

The use of resistant and tolerant cultivars is an important component of an integrated management plan for foliar nematodes on hosta. In order to identify tolerance and resistance in commercial hosta cultivars, reliable and efficient screening methods are required. To optimize the screening protocol, a series of greenhouse experiments was conducted using six hosta cultivars and two types of nematode inoculum.

Differential expression of a β-1,4-endoglucanase induced by diet change in the foliar nematode Aphelenchoides fragariae.

We identified and characterized a β-1,4-endoglucanase, Afr-ENG-1, in the foliar nematode Aphelenchoides fragariae that is differentially expressed when the nematode feeds on fungi or plants. When individuals from hosta plants were transferred to a fungus culture, expression of the enzyme decreased 1,812-fold after five generations on the fungus diet. Afr-eng-1 was readily detected in the genome of 75% of nematodes from the plant population but only in 38% of the diet-changed population.

Genetic Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis.

Rotylenchulus reniformis, reniform nematode, is a polyphagous pest commonly found parasitizing cotton in the southeastern United States. We developed and optimized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci found in reniform nematode and tested them on 160 individual reniform nematodes to determine informative genetic variation of isolates from the southeastern United States, Colombia, Japan, and from the species Rotylenchulus parvus. No significant gametic disequilibrium was detected between any pair of loci, and most loci were not in expected Hardy-Weinberg proportions.

Effect of Crop Rotations on Rotylenchulus reniformis Population Structure.

Rotylenchulus reniformis is a highly variable nematode species and an economically important pest in many cotton fields across the south-eastern United States. Rotation with resistant or poor host crops is a method for management of reniform nematode. We studied the effect of six planting schemes covering four 120-day planting cycles on the predominant genotype of R.

Validation of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Identification of Meloidogyne arenaria.

Meloidogyne arenaria is an economically important parasite of many crops worldwide. Identification and detection of this species in soil samples is necessary for the design of crop rotation systems, selection of resistant cultivars, and potential use of biological control options. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, using species-specific primers and SYBR Green I Dye, for identification of M.