Interleukin 27, like interferons, activates JAK-STAT signaling and promotes pro-inflammatory and antiviral states that interfere with dengue and chikungunya viruses replication in human macrophages.

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to induce an antiviral state in cells. Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-6 and/or IL-12 family that elicits both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Recent studies have reported that IL-27 also induces a robust antiviral response against diverse viruses, both and , suggesting that IFNs and IL-27 share many similarities at the functional level.

Biological sex and age-related differences shape the antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

For the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, clinical manifestations are broad and highly heterogeneous for both sexes. We aimed to determine how biological sex and age impact immune gene expression, particularly influencing the humoral neutralizing antibody (NAb) response and the cytokine production in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects. The immune gene expression, according to biological sex and age, was assessed using the genome wide expression profile of blood proteins from healthy individuals using the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) database.

Male Ebola Survivors: Do Not Forget to Use a Condom!

The current Ebola outbreak is the largest, longest, and most complex the world has ever seen, that is, the United Nations declared it "a threat to peace and security" and the World Health Organization acknowledged it to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As new evidence emerges to enlighten the clinical characteristics and the prognosis of the acute phase of the disease, there is relatively scarce information about the convalescent phase, especially the measures to control the sexual transmission of Ebola.In order to assess the evidence that underlies the current recommendation (use of condom for 3 months in convalescent male), we performed a systematic search of the literature (for articles indexed in Medline and Embase) using the following MESH terms (Ebolavirus; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola; Semen) with no further restrictions (Table 1).

The APPEESFRS Peptide, Restricted by the HLA-B*35:01 Molecule, and the APPEESFRF Variant Derived from an Autologous HIV-1 Strain Induces Polyfunctional Responses in CD8+ T Cells.

Numerous reports have focused on consensus peptides to determine CD8+ T-cell responses; however, few studies evaluated the functional profile using peptides derived from circulating strains of a specific region. We determined the effector profile and maturation phenotype of CD8+ T-cells targeting the consensus APPEESFRS (AS9) epitope and its variant APPEESFRF (AF9), previously identified. The free energy of binding, maturation phenotype, and polyfunctional profile of both peptides were similar.

Selection pressure in CD8⁺ T-cell epitopes in the pol gene of HIV-1 infected individuals in Colombia. A bioinformatic approach.

One of the main characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus is its genetic variability and rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions. This variability, resulting from the lack of proofreading activity of the viral reverse transcriptase, generates mutations that could be fixed either by random genetic drift or by positive selection. Among the forces driving positive selection are antiretroviral therapy and CD8+ T-cells, the most important immune mechanism involved in viral control.