Immune Specific and Tumor-Dependent mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Reprogramming Clinical Translation into Tumor Editing Therapy.

Extensive research into mRNA vaccines for cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical trials has prepared the ground for the quick development of immune-specific mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and are an attractive choice for future cancer immunotherapy. Ideal personalized tumor-dependent mRNA vaccines could stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity by overcoming cancer-induced immune suppression and tumor relapse.

Prognostic significance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 methylation status in circulating cell-free DNA of Pancreatic Cancer patients.

Pancreatic cancer is the most fatal cancer type in the world. Its high mortality is mostly correlated to the absence of symptoms and the difficulty in early diagnosis, which in the majority of the cases occurs when the disease has already spread metastasis. Nowadays, tests that could predict early diagnosis are not available yet and the number of prognostic tests is limited.

Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming and hypoxic immunosuppression: driving carcinogenesis to metastatic colonization.

A significant factor in the antitumor immune response is the increased metabolic reprogramming of immunological and malignant cells. Increasing data points to the fact that cancer metabolism affects not just cancer signaling, which is essential for maintaining carcinogenesis and survival, but also the expression of immune cells and immune-related factors such as lactate, PGE2, arginine, IDO, which regulate the antitumor immune signaling mechanism. In reality, this energetic interaction between the immune system and the tumor results in metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem, limiting the amount of nutrients available and causing microenvironmental acidosis, which impairs the ability of immune cells to operate.

EBUS-TBLC increase the diagnosis rate in different type of peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Recently, endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath-guided (EBUS-GS) has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) from human natural orifice. However, the diagnostic rate is still largely dependent on the location of the lesion and the probe. Here, we reported a new procedure to improve the diagnostic rate of EBUS-transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (EBUS-TBLC), which performed under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in all of the patients.

The Effectiveness of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery in Preventing Gynecologic Cancer - from Pathophysiology to Clinical Outcomes.

Obesity and cancer represent two pandemics of current civilization, the progression of which has followed parallel trajectories. To time, thirteen types of malignancies have been recognized as obesity-related cancers, including breast (in postmenopausal women), endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Pathophysiologic mechanisms that connect the two entities include insulin resistance, adipokine imbalance, increased peripheral aromatization and estrogen levels, tissue hypoxia, and disrupted immunity in the cellular milieu.

Ablation for Single Pulmonary Nodules, Primary or Metastatic. Εndobronchial Ablation Systems or Percutaneous.

Single pulmonary nodules are a difficult to diagnose imagining artifact. Currently novel diagnostic tools such as Radial-EBUS with or not C-ARM flouroscopy, electromagnetic navigation systems, robotic bronchoscopy and cone beam-compuer tomography (CBCT) can assist in the optimal guidance of biopsy equipment. After diagnosis of lung cancer or metastatic disease as pulmonary nodule, then surgery or ablation methods as local treatment can be applied.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer an association.

Lung cancer is known to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover; nutritional status is associated with chronic obstructive disease treatment and lung cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the interaction of the COPD status and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Simultaneous Resection for Colorectal and Liver Metastases, new equipment and personalized medicine.

Nowadays we perform synchronous colorectal cancer resection along with synchronous liver metastases. We investigated whether colon resection first is safer than liver resection first and if simultaneous surgeries are in general safe. Twenty patients were included in our multicenter study.

Association between COVID-19 Infection and Miscarriages, What We Really Know?

Background: COVID-19 is a modern worldwide pandemic that affected and continues to affect millions of people around the world. Since the discovery that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the binding site for COVID-19 to achieve cell entry, there has been a continuous debate about the effect of COVID-19 infection in first and second trimester abortions. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on the incidence of miscarriage.

Immunoengineering via Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy: Reprogramming Nanodrug Delivery.

Following its therapeutic effect in hematological metastasis, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has gained a great deal of attention during the last years. However, the effectiveness of this treatment has been hampered by a number of challenges, including significant toxicities, difficult access to tumor locations, inadequate therapeutic persistence, and manufacturing problems. Developing novel techniques to produce effective CARs, administer them, and monitor their anti-tumor activity in CAR-T cell treatment is undoubtedly necessary.

Immunotherapy for the elderly. Maybe the best option for lung cancer?

Lung cancer is usually diagnosed at advanced stage and systematic therapy is administered. New current diagnostic techniques such as the convex-endobronchial ultrasound, radial endobronchial ultrasound, cone beam ct, electromagnetic navigation and robotic bronchoscopy provide us with a high diagnostic yield. These techniques are minimal invasive and patients with comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure can be diagnosed with minimal adverse effects.

Sotorasib after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration induces hepatotoxicity. True, false or just another adverse effect of NSCLC treatment.

Non-small cell lung cancer is still diagnosed at a late disease stage and systematic therapy is necessary. Currently we have three main treatment modalities; chemotherapy, targeted with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune check point inhibitors. In the recent years and based on new studies we can administer combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, or radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

Inhaled nintentanib, pirfenidone and macitentan for pulmonary fibrosis: a laboratory experiment.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a rare disease with few efficient drugs in the market. The consequences of this disease are mainly respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. In our experiment we used the drugs pirfenidone, nintetanib and macitentan.

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Five Year Review.

Ovarian cancer is a malignant disease that affects thousands of patients every year. Currently, we use surgical techniques for early-stage cancer and chemotherapy treatment combinations for advanced stage cancer. Several novel therapies are currently being investigated, with gene therapy and stem cell therapy being the corner stone of this investigation.

Endobronchial Radiofrequency Ablation for pulmonary nodules with Radial-Ebus and Navigation: Pros and Cons.

Pulmonary nodules are common in the everyday clinical practice. There is always a diagnostic issue with this imaging finding. Based on the size we can use a variety of imaging and diagnostic techniques.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study.

Background: Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.

Methods: In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021.

Positron Emission-Computed Tomography, Cryobiopsy versus Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Computed Tomography Findings for Interstitial Lung Disease: A Long-Term Follow-Up.

Interstitial lung diseases have always been an issue for pulmonary and rheumatology physicians. Computed tomography scans with a high-resolution protocol and bronchoalveolar lavage have been used along with biochemical blood tests to reach a diagnosis. We included 80 patients in total.

The most likely but largely ignored triggering factor for breast (or all) cancer invasion.

Breast cancer development and progression are believed to be a sequential process, from normal to hyperplastic, to , and to invasive and metastatic stages. Given that over 90% of cancer deaths are caused by invasive and metastatic lesions, countless factors and multiple theories have been proposed as the triggering factor for the cascade of actions of cancer invasion. However, those factors and theories are largely based on the studies of cell lines or animal models.

Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs.

This study aimed to review the current evidence on the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise and their impact on skeletal muscle mass in the elderly population. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 40% of total body weight and is essential for performing daily activities. The combination of exercise and diet is known to be a potent anabolic stimulus through stimulation of muscle protein synthesis from amino acids.

Laparoscopic Surgery with Concomitant Hernia Repair and Cholecystectomy: An Alternative Approach to Everyday Practice.

Introduction: Concomitant surgeries have been performed previously in several centers with experience in laparoscopic surgeries. These surgeries are performed in one patient under one operation with anesthesia.

Methods: We performed a retrospective unicenter study from October 2021 to December 2021 analyzing patients who underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair with cholecystectomy.

Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy Versus Sleep Disturbances for NSCLC Patients.

Introduction: Cancer patients are known to experience sleep disturbances that differ between disease stages and treatments. Regarding lung cancer patients and immunotherapy, information on their sleep disturbances has been recently acquired, but no comparison has been made between different treatment modalities.

Patients And Methods: We recruited 98 non-small cell lung cancer patients; 49 had programmed death-ligand 1 expression of ≥50% and received immunotherapy as first-line treatment and 49 had programmed death-ligand 1 expression in the range from 0-49 and received chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Immunotherapy and Sleep Characteristics: The Crossroad for Optimal Survival.

Introduction: Non-small-cell lung cancer is still diagnosed at an inoperable stage and systematic treatment is the only option. Immunotherapy is currently considered to be the tip of the arrow as the first-line treatment for patients with a programmed death-ligand 1 ≥ 50. Sleep is known to be an essential part of our everyday life.