Ectrodactyly with Polydactyly in a Dog-Case Description and Description of Surgical Therapy with Resection and Fusion Podoplasty.

Objective: To describe a rare congenital deformity of the phalanges and the surgical details and outcome in a dog with ectrodactyly combined with polydactyly.

Study Design: Single case report.

Animal: A 3.

Mouse model of posttraumatic abdominal sepsis: survival advantage of females over males does not depend on the cecum size.

Background: Regardless of whether alone or in combination, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is the most commonly used model to emulate human polymicrobial sepsis. Numerous CLP studies have shown that female mice survive better than males. In adult mice, this effect may be partly due to the unequal cecum mass (larger in males), as cecum ligation is frequently not size standardized.

Estrus cycle status defined by vaginal cytology does not correspond to fluctuations of circulating estrogens in female mice.

Gender-oriented studies in shock, trauma, and/or sepsis require accurate monitoring of hormonal fluctuations as estrogens may influence various end points. Yet, monitoring is challenging in small laboratory animals: e.g.