Publications by authors named "Paul Visich"

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates how factors like the COVID pandemic and digital media affect children's sunlight exposure, exercise, and diet, potentially influencing their circadian rhythms and inflammatory states through cortisol levels.
  • - Researchers analyzed data from a group of 689 children in Southern Maine, tracking cortisol levels and cytokine measures over several days to understand the relationship between morning cortisol and pro-inflammatory markers.
  • - Findings indicated that morning cortisol levels were positively linked to morning inflammation (like IL-1β) but inversely related to evening inflammation, suggesting that variations in daily cortisol could impact children's inflammatory responses and overall health.
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Objectives: Circadian cues in children (sunlight, exercise, diet patterns) may be associated with health outcomes. The primary objective was to assess associations of daily cortisol fluctuations (morning, night) with cardiovascular health outcomes. A secondary objective was to determine if 1-year longitudinal changes in circadian cortisol levels are associated with longitudinal changes in health outcomes.

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Pediatric obesity is a major health concern today, which pre-disposes individuals to metabolic syndrome (MS), and the risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Use of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is recognized as non-invasive way to assess vascular health. The objective of this study was to determine which MBS risk factors has an influence on increasing one's risk of an increased CIMT in children.

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Objective: To assess the effects of muscle strength, as determined by grip strength, on changes in health status in adolescents.

Study Design: Risk variables included excess body fat, elevated fasting glucose, high blood pressure, elevated serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multinomial logistic regression was used to quantify the odds of experiencing health maintenance (no risk factors identified at either time point) or health improvement (presence of ≥1 baseline risk factor and fewer or no risk factors at follow-up) over a 2-year period.

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Background: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine associated with muscle strength, possibly by attenuating protein breakdown. A variant in the alpha-receptor (IL-15Rα 1775 A>C, rs2228059) partially modulates the muscle strength and size response to resistance training. We examined if this polymorphism associated with habitual physical activity among European-American adults.

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Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4340) ( accounts for half of the variability in plasma ACE concentrations. has been widely studied for its influence on sports performance; however, research on its influence in physical activity is limited and inconsistent. We examined the influence of the on physical activity among 461 European Americans.

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Objective: To determine the number of coronary artery disease risk factors and the individual coronary artery disease risk factors that have a negative influence on carotid intima-media thickness in children.

Study Design: One hundred and nineteen children (mean age 10.51 ± 0.

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Background: Examinations related to divisional differences in the incidence of sports-related concussions (SRC) in collegiate ice hockey are limited.

Purpose: To compare the epidemiologic patterns of concussion in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ice hockey by sex and division.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

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Adversity experienced early in life has the potential to influence physical health later in life. The stress-health relation may be partially explained by stress-related effects on cardiovascular risk factors. This study explored links between individual differences in trait-like variation in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with cardiovascular risk factors in children.

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Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) polymorphisms associate with obesity, muscle strength, and cortisol sensitivity. We examined associations among four NR3C1 polymorphisms and the muscle response to resistance training (RT). European-American adults (n = 602, 23.

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Introduction: There is an association between strength and health among adolescents, yet, what remains to be determined is sex-specific cut points for low strength in the detection of risk in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine thresholds of low grip strength in a large cohort (N=1,326) of adolescents.

Methods: All data were collected between 2005 and 2008, and analyzed in 2014-2015.

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Background: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified obesity-related genetic variants. Due to the pleiotropic effects of related phenotypes, we tested six of these obesity-related genetic variants for their association with physical activity: fat mass and obesity-associated ()(rs9939609)T>A, potassium channel tetramerization domain containing () (rs11084753)G>A, melanocortin receptor4 ()(rs17782313)T>C, neuronal growth regulator 1 ()(rs2815752)A>G, SH2B adapter protein 1 ()(rs7498665)A>G, and transmembrane protein18 ()(rs6548238)C>T.

Method: European-American women ( = 263) and men ( = 229) (23.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the gender-specific independent association between muscular strength and cardiometabolic risk clustering in a large cohort (n = 1421) of children.

Methods: Principal component analysis was used to determine the pattern of risk clustering and to derive a continuous aggregate score (MetScore) from various cardiometabolic risk components: percent body fat (%BF), fasting glucose, blood pressure, plasma triglycerides levels, and HDL-cholesterol. Gender-stratified risk and MetScore were assessed by using general linear models and logistic regression for differences between strength tertiles, as well as independent associations with age, BMI, estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity, and muscular strength (normalized for body mass).

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether leptin levels affect the response of leptin to exercise training (ET) and whether this is also affected by C-reactive protein (CRP) or the three common Apolipoprotein E genotypes (APOE). Ninety-seven (male = 45, female = 52) sedentary individuals underwent 6 months of supervised ET. Blood was sampled before the initiation of ET, and again 24 and 72 hr after completion of the final training session.

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Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of variants that are associated with numerous phenotypes. One such variant, rs13266634, a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter) member eight gene, is associated with a 53% increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that individuals with the protective allele against T2D would show a positive response to short-term and long-term resistance exercise.

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To develop a global view of muscle transcriptional differences between older men and women and sex-specific aging, we obtained muscle biopsies from the biceps brachii of young and older men and women and profiled the whole-genome gene expression using microarray. A logistic regression-based method in combination with an intensity-based Bayesian moderated t test was used to identify significant sex- and aging-related gene functional groups. Our analysis revealed extensive sex differences in the muscle transcriptome of older individuals and different patterns of transcriptional changes with aging in men and women.

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Purpose: An osteopontin (OPN; SPP1) gene promoter polymorphism modifies disease severity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and we hypothesized that it might also modify muscle phenotypes in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Gene association studies were carried out for OPN (rs28357094) in the FAMuSS cohort (n = 752; mean ± SD age = 23.7 ± 5.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the sex-specific pattern of pediatric cardiometabolic risk with principal component analysis, using several biological, behavioral and parental variables in a large cohort (n = 2866) of 6th grade students.

Methods: Cardiometabolic risk components included waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, plasma triglycerides levels and HDL-cholesterol. Principal components analysis was used to determine the pattern of risk clustering and to derive a continuous aggregate score (MetScore).

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Ankyrin repeat domain 6 (ANKRD6) is a ubiquitous protein that associates with early development in mammals and is highly expressed in the brain, spinal cord, and heart of humans. We examined the role of 8 ANKRD6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on muscle performance and habitual physical activity (PA). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were 545 T>A (rs9362667), 485 M>L (rs61736690), 233 T>M (rs2273238), 128 I>L (rs3748085), 631 P>L (rs61739327), 122 Q>E (rs16881983), 197805 G>A (rs9344950), and 710 L>X (NOVEL).

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Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified polymorphic loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors (i.e. serum lipids) in adult populations (42-69 y).

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Hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities (HLA, LPLA) modify lipoproteins and facilitate their binding to hepatic receptors. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) physically interacts with the lipases, and the three common haplotypes of the APOE gene (ε2, ε3, and ε4) yield protein isoforms (E2, E3, and E4, respectively) that are functionally different. Lipase activities themselves differ by sex and exercise training status.

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Converging lines of evidence suggest that AKT1 is a major mediator of the responses to insulin,insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and glucose. AKT1 also plays a key role in the regulation of both muscle cell hypertrophy and atrophy. We hypothesized that AKT1 variants may play a role in the endophenotypes that makeup metabolic syndrome.

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Baseline muscle size and muscle adaptation to exercise are traits with high variability across individuals. Recent research has implicated several chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of many conditions that are influenced by inflammatory processes, including muscle damage and repair. One specific chemokine, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), is expressed by macrophages and muscle satellite cells, increases expression dramatically following muscle damage, and increases expression further with repeated bouts of exercise, suggesting that CCL2 plays a key role in muscle adaptation.

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Unlabelled: Recently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that identified eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI highlighted a possible neuronal influence on the development of obesity. We hypothesized these SNPs would govern the response of BMI and subcutaneous fat to resistance training in young individuals (age = 24 years). We genotyped the eight GWAS-identified SNPs in the article by Willer et al.

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