Mindfulness interventions in older adults for mental health and well-being: A meta-analysis.

Objectives: Mindfulness interventions are consistently associated with beneficial effects in younger adults. In this meta-analysis, we seek to quantify the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for the mental health and well-being of older adults.

Method: We include 46 studies that implemented a mindfulness intervention (MBSR = 20; MBCT = 9; ad hoc protocol = 17) with older adults (samples with an average age of 60 or older; healthy adults = 20; adults with underlying symptoms = 26), examining a wide range of outcome measures (e.

One-year follow-up of a remote delivered Koru Mindfulness RCT intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

: To examine whether a remote, online, group-based mindfulness intervention maintains long-term effects at one-year follow-up. : 61 college students (38 in the intervention group, 23 controls) completed the follow-up survey. : Follow-up to an RCT using a 4-week Koru Mindfulness program, investigating pre-to-follow-up changes in the intervention group compared to control participants.

Changes in State Mindfulness are the Key to Success in Mindfulness Interventions: Ecological Momentary Assessments of Predictors, Mediators, and Outcomes in a Four-Week Koru Mindfulness Intervention.

It is often assumed that changes in state mindfulness coupled with a decrease in intrusive thinking (e.g., rumination or worry) are the crucial ingredients in mindfulness interventions.

An updated account of overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression.

Previous meta-analyses on Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory (OGM) and depression have emphasised clinically diagnosed current depression, leaving questions about subthreshold and remitted depression. Further, numerous studies of OGM remain unconsidered due to a focus on one testing paradigm, the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). We conducted a meta-analysis on OGM in depression including remitted, subthreshold, and currently depressed samples and incorporating non-AMT studies.

Letting Go as an Aspect of Rumination and Its Relationship to Mindfulness, Dysphoria, Anxiety, and Eudemonic Well-Being.

We examined how a newly proposed facet of rumination, that is, the (in)ability to let go, might relate to other aspects of rumination and to psychological outcomes. In two independent samples ( = 423 and 329, resp.) of college students, we measured a broad set of rumination and rumination-related measures, letting go, anxiety and dysphoria; in the second sample, we also collected data on mindfulness, self-compassion and eudemonic well-being.

The Effects of Mindfulness Interventions on Older Adults' Cognition: A Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To examine the effect of mindfulness interventions on cognitive tasks in healthy older adults and older adults with diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Methods: Three-level meta-analysis and systematic review of 30 published randomized-controlled trials.

Results: Mindfulness interventions provided a small, yet significant positive effect on cognition compared to a control group (average weighted Hedges' g = 0.

Mind full of kindness: self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence as vehicles for compassion.

Background: We investigated the relationship between mindfulness and compassion in a broader way than is typically done by (a) using a recent, comprehensive conceptualization of mindfulness as a manifold of self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence, and (b) by casting a wide net of compassion measures [i.e., the Compassionate Love for Humanity Scale (Sprecher and Fehr in J Soc Pers Relatsh 22(5):629-651, 2005); Compassion Scale (Martins et al.

Remote delivery of a Koru Mindfulness intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To examine whether a remote, online, group-based mindfulness intervention results in effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants: 111 college students: 58 in the intervention group, 53 in a waitlist control group.

Methods: Randomized control trial (RCT) using a 4-week Koru Mindfulness program, investigating pre-to-posttest changes in the intervention group compared to time-yoked control participants.

Police as threat: The influence of race and the summer of Black Lives Matter on implicit and explicit attitudes towards the police.

Police officers partially rely on implicit and explicit stereotypes in their interactions with the public. We investigated if these attitudes are reciprocated, specifically, if people of color implicitly fear police, and whether the events of the summer of 2020 changed the public's attitudes about police. Seven hundred and fifty-nine college students (235 BIPOC) participated, 373 in 2019, 386 in fall 2020.

Depression and episodic memory across the adult lifespan: A meta-analytic review.

Episodic memory deficits have increasingly been recognized as a cognitive feature of depression. To quantify these deficits and determine how they are moderated by various tasks (e.g.

Across-subject correlation between confidence and accuracy: A meta-analysis of the Confidence Database.

If one friend confidently tells us to buy Product A while another friend thinks that Product B is better but is not confident, we may go with the advice of our confident friend. Should we? The relationship between people's confidence and accuracy has been of great interest in many fields, especially in high-stakes situations like eyewitness testimony. However, there is still little consensus about how much we should trust someone's overall confidence level.

Evidence that ageing yields improvements as well as declines across attention and executive functions.

Many but not all cognitive abilities decline during ageing. Some even improve due to lifelong experience. The critical capacities of attention and executive functions have been widely posited to decline.

Intact circadian rhythm despite cortisol hypersecretion in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis.

Hypersecretion of the glucocorticoid steroid hormone cortisol by individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suspected for several decades, during which time dozens of examinations of this phenomenon have been conducted and published. The goals of this investigation were to summarize this sizeable body of literature, test whether participant and methodological characteristics modify the magnitude of the AD-associated basal cortisol hypersecretion, and examine whether cortisol circadian rhythmicity is maintained among individuals with AD. To this end, the present meta-analysis and systematic review examined over 300 comparisons of indices of basal HPA-axis functioning between individuals with AD and cognitively normal older adults.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual differences in naturalistic sleep quality and episodic memory performance in young and older adults.

Better sleep quality has been associated with better episodic memory performance in young adults. However, the strength of sleep-memory associations in aging has not been well characterized. It is also unknown whether factors such as sleep measurement method (e.

Depression and Cognitive Control across the Lifespan: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Depression has been shown to negatively impact neurocognitive functions, particularly those governed by fronto-subcortical networks, such as executive functions. Converging evidence suggests that depression-related executive dysfunction is greater at older ages, however, this has not been previously confirmed by meta-analysis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, using three-level models, on peer-reviewed studies that examined depression-related differences in cognitive control in healthy community-dwelling individuals of any age.

Multiple identity tracking strategies vary by age: An ERP study.

Top-down modulation underlies our ability to focus attention on task-relevant stimuli and ignore irrelevant distractions. Although age-related differences in neural correlates of top-down modulation have been investigated in multiple studies using variety of tasks (Gazzaley et al., 2005; Störmer et al.

Aging and n-Back Performance: A Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To provide a systematic review of age-related differences in n-back performance.

Method: Meta-analytic data aggregation.

Results: Access for items stored within the focus of attention (0-back and 1-back) was very fast and quasi-perfect; when items are held outside the focus (n > 1), an additional cost was accrued in both accuracy and response time.

Now you feel it, now you don't: Motivated attention to emotional content is modulated by age and task demands.

Several studies with younger adults have examined the degree to which emotion captures attention using the event-related potentials (ERP) technique, but it is unknown whether there are age-related differences on this issue. We examined ERP correlates of age-related differences in processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant emotional material. Participants viewed emotional or neutral images, presented at fixation, flanked by two bars of either differing or matching orientation.

Resolving Age-Related Differences in Working Memory: Equating Perception and Attention Makes Older Adults Remember as Well as Younger Adults.

Objectives: Older adults show clear deficits in working memory functioning. Here, we investigate the often-reported decline in focus switching, that is, the ability to shift items from the focus of attention into working memory, and back. Specifically, we examined whether equating subjects on early processing (perception and attention) might ameliorate the deficit.

Foggy windows: Pupillary responses during task preparation.

We investigated pupil dilation in 96 subjects during task preparation and during a post-trial interval in a visual search task and an auditory working memory task. Completely informative difficulty cues (easy, medium, or hard) were presented right before task preparation to examine whether pupil dilation indicated advance mobilisation of attentional resources; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have argued for the existence of such task preparation, and the literature shows that pupil dilation tracks attentional effort during task performance. We found, however, little evidence for such task preparation.

Retrospective Attention in Short-Term Memory Has a Lasting Effect on Long-Term Memory Across Age.

Objectives: Declines in both short- and long-term memory are typical of healthy aging. Recent findings suggest that retrodictive attentional cues ("retro-cues") that indicate the location of to-be-probed items in short-term memory (STM) have a lasting impact on long-term memory (LTM) performance in young adults. Whether older adults can also use retro-cues to facilitate both STM and LTM is unknown.

Editorial.

This editorial marks the first 4 years of the current editorial period. It offers an opportunity to take stock, review trends, and describe editorial policies for the next 2 years. Psychology continues to shine and accumulate knowledge that scholars integrate, use in the development of theory, and examine to generate applications to real-world problems.

To bind or not to bind, that's the wrong question: Features and objects coexist in visual short-term memory.

In three experiments, we investigated whether features and whole-objects can be represented simultaneously in visual short-term memory (VSTM). Participants were presented with a memory set of colored shapes; we probed either for the constituent features or for the whole object, and analyzed retrieval dynamics (cumulative response time distributions). In our first experiment, we used whole-object probes that recombined features from the memory display; we found that subjects' data conformed to a kitchen-line model, showing that they used whole-object representations for the matching process.

The lasting memory enhancements of retrospective attention.

Behavioral research has shown that spatial cues that orient attention toward task relevant items being maintained in visual short-term memory (VSTM) enhance item memory accuracy. However, it is unknown if these retrospective attentional cues ("retro-cues") enhance memory beyond typical short-term memory delays. It is also unknown whether retro-cues affect the spatial information associated with VSTM representations.