A post-diagnosis information and support programme for dyads-People living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and family carers: A feasibility study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to establish the feasibility of delivering a structured post-diagnosis information and support program to dyads (persons living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and family carers) in two primary care settings.

Design: A two-phase explanatory mixed-method approach guided by the Bowen Feasibility Framework focused on acceptability, implementation, adaptation, integration and efficacy of a five-part programme. In phase 1, the quantitative impact of the programme on the dyadic programme recipients' self-efficacy, quality of life, dyadic relationship and volume of care was measured.

Semi-supervised ROC analysis for reliable and streamlined evaluation of phenotyping algorithms.

Objective: High-throughput phenotyping will accelerate the use of electronic health records (EHRs) for translational research. A critical roadblock is the extensive medical supervision required for phenotyping algorithm (PA) estimation and evaluation. To address this challenge, numerous weakly-supervised learning methods have been proposed.

Fitting and validation of an agent-based model for COVID-19 case forecasting in workplaces and universities.

COVID-19 forecasting models have been critical in guiding decision-making on surveillance testing, social distancing, and vaccination requirements. Beyond influencing public health policies, an accurate COVID-19 forecasting model can impact community spread by enabling employers and university leaders to adapt worksite policies and practices to contain or mitigate outbreaks. While many such models have been developed for COVID-19 forecasting at the national, state, county, or city level, only a few models have been developed for workplaces and universities.

Machine learning approaches for electronic health records phenotyping: a methodical review.

Objective: Accurate and rapid phenotyping is a prerequisite to leveraging electronic health records for biomedical research. While early phenotyping relied on rule-based algorithms curated by experts, machine learning (ML) approaches have emerged as an alternative to improve scalability across phenotypes and healthcare settings. This study evaluates ML-based phenotyping with respect to (1) the data sources used, (2) the phenotypes considered, (3) the methods applied, and (4) the reporting and evaluation methods used.

Neutrophil Enzyme Myeloperoxidase Modulates Neuronal Response in a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Venous Injury.

Background And Purpose: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Neutrophil infiltration into the central nervous system is linked to the development of these deficits after SAH. It is however unclear how neutrophil activity influences central nervous system function in SAH.

A holistic approach for suppression of COVID-19 spread in workplaces and universities.

As society has moved past the initial phase of the COVID-19 crisis that relied on broad-spectrum shutdowns as a stopgap method, industries and institutions have faced the daunting question of how to return to a stabilized state of activities and more fully reopen the economy. A core problem is how to return people to their workplaces and educational institutions in a manner that is safe, ethical, grounded in science, and takes into account the unique factors and needs of each organization and community. In this paper, we introduce an epidemiological model (the "Community-Workplace" model) that accounts for SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the workplace, within the surrounding community, and between them.

Characterization of Temperature-Dependent Kinetics of Oculocutaneous Albinism-Causing Mutants of Tyrosinase.

Human tyrosinase (Tyr) is a glycoenzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in melanin production, and its gene () is mutated in many cases of oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1). The mechanisms by which individual mutations contribute to the diverse pigmentation phenotype in patients with OCA1 have only began to be examined and remain to be delineated. Here, we analyze the temperature-dependent kinetics of wild-type Tyr (WT) and two OCA1B mutant variants (R422Q and P406L) using Michaelis-Menten and Van't Hoff analyses.

Tyrosinase Nanoparticles: Understanding the Melanogenesis Pathway by Isolating the Products of Tyrosinase Enzymatic Reaction.

Human Tyrosinase (Tyr) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the melanogenesis pathway. Tyr catalyzes the oxidation of the substrate L-DOPA into dopachrome and melanin. Currently, the characterization of dopachrome-related products is difficult due to the absence of a simple way to partition dopachrome from protein fraction.

Transforming Psychiatry into Data-Driven Medicine with Digital Measurement Tools.

Psychiatry has been limited by historically rooted practices centered primarily on subjective observation. Fields such as oncology have progressed toward data-driven clinical decision-making that combines subjective clinical assessment of symptoms and preferences with biological measures such as genetics, biomarkers, imaging, and integrative physiology to derive quantitative risk scores and decision support. In contrast, psychiatry has just begun to scratch the surface of measurement-based care with validated clinical questionnaires.

Reliability of an Online Geriatric Assessment Procedure Using the interRAI Acute Care Assessment System.

Objectives: To determine whether geriatric triage decisions made using a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) performed online are less reliable than face-to-face (FTF) decisions.

Design: Multisite noninferiority prospective cohort study. Two specialist geriatricians assessed individuals sequentially referred for an acute care geriatric consultation.

Gait outcomes of older adults receiving subacute hospital rehabilitation following orthopaedic trauma: a longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe gait speed at admission and discharge from inpatient hospital rehabilitation among older adults recovering from orthopaedic trauma and factors associated with gait speed performance and discharge destination.

Design: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted.

Setting: Australian tertiary hospital subacute rehabilitation wards.

Using Care Bundles to Improve Surgical Outcomes and Reduce Variation in Care for Fragility Hip Fracture Patients.

Introduction: Fragility hip fractures constitute a large proportion of orthogeriatric admissions to orthopedic wards. This study looked at reducing variation in care in fragility hip fracture patients using a novel approach with care bundles. The care bundle comprises 5 elements targeted at providing adequate analgesia, early mobilization, improving recognition of delirium, and decreasing rates of urinary infections.

Web-based (online) comprehensive geriatric assessment is more time efficient, and as reliable, as reading patient medical records and conducting traditional in person consultations.

The aim of this study was to report the time taken by geriatricians to reach triage decisions using an online assessment format compared with face-to-face (FTF) assessment. Patients (N = 166) were randomly allocated to two groups: online and FTF assessments (OF group); and dual FTF assessments (FF group). Case preparation was conducted by trained nurse assessors using a web-enabled clinical decision support system.

Evidence of Improved Efficiency in Functional Gains During Subacute Inpatient Rehabilitation.

This comparative study investigated differences in functional capacity and functional gains of patients admitted for hospital rehabilitation between 2005 and 2011. Patients were grouped according to broad diagnostic categories: neurological, orthopedic, and deconditioned. Functional capacity (Functional Independence Measure (FIM), gait speed) and functional gains were compared between two 1-year patient cohorts (2005 and 2011) for diagnostic groups.

Patients undergoing subacute physical rehabilitation following an acute hospital admission demonstrated improvement in cognitive functional task independence.

Objective: This study investigated cognitive functioning among older adults with physical debility not attributable to an acute injury or neurological condition who were receiving subacute inpatient physical rehabilitation.

Design: A cohort investigation with assessments at admission and discharge.

Setting: Three geriatric rehabilitation hospital wards.

The diagnostic accuracy of telegeriatrics for the diagnosis of dementia via video conferencing.

Introduction: The suitability of video conferencing (VC) technology for clinical purposes relevant to geriatric medicine is still being established. This project aimed to determine the validity of the diagnosis of dementia via VC.

Methods: This was a multisite, noninferiority, prospective cohort study.

The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) as a reliable screening tool for dementia when administered via videoconferencing in elderly post-acute hospital patients.

The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is a six-domain screening tool for dementia. We measured the practicality and reliability of administering the RUDAS in a telemedicine setting. Inpatients were recruited from a Geriatric and Rehabilitation Unit.

Pragmatic, cluster randomized trial of a policy to introduce low-low beds to hospital wards for the prevention of falls and fall injuries.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a policy to introduce low-low beds for the prevention of falls and fall injuries on wards that had not previously accessed low-low beds.

Design: This was a pragmatic, matched, cluster randomized trial with wards paired according to rate of falls. Intervention and control wards were observed for a 6-month period after implementation of the low-low beds on the intervention wards.