Acquired amphotericin B resistance leads to fitness trade-offs that can be mitigated by compensatory evolution in Candida auris.

Candida auris is a growing concern due to its resistance to antifungal drugs, particularly amphotericin B (AMB), detected in 30 to 60% of clinical isolates. However, the mechanisms of AMB resistance remain poorly understood. Here we investigated 441 in vitro- and in vivo-evolved C.

Metabolic Engineering and Process Intensification for Muconic Acid Production Using .

The efficient production of biobased organic acids is crucial to move to a more sustainable and eco-friendly economy, where muconic acid is gaining interest as a versatile platform chemical to produce industrial building blocks, including adipic acid and terephthalic acid. In this study, a platform strain able to convert glucose and xylose into ,-muconic acid was further engineered to eliminate C2 dependency, improve muconic acid tolerance, enhance production and growth performance, and substantially reduce the side production of the intermediate protocatechuic acid. This was achieved by reintroducing the gene and overexpression of genes.

Enhancing probiotic impact: engineering for optimal acetic acid production and gastric passage tolerance.

has been a subject of growing interest due to its potential as a probiotic microorganism with applications in gastrointestinal health, but the molecular cause for its probiotic potency has remained elusive. The recent discovery that contains unique mutations causing high acetic acid accumulation and inhibition of bacterial growth provides a possible clue. The natural isolates Sb.

New biomarkers underlying acetic acid tolerance in the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii.

Evolutionary engineering experiments, in combination with omics technologies, revealed genetic markers underpinning the molecular mechanisms behind acetic acid stress tolerance in the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. Here, compared to the ancestral Ent strain, evolved yeast strains could quickly adapt to high acetic acid levels (7 g/L) and displayed a shorter lag phase of growth.

Oteseconazole: a long-awaited diversification of the antifungal arsenal to manage recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC).

Introduction: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) affects women worldwide and has far-reaching implications for a patient's quality of life. For decades, maintenance treatment using the azole antifungal fluconazole was the preferred treatment. Although efficient in controlling the symptoms, the development of azole resistance and high rates of recurrence after therapy cessation have emerged as significant limitations.

Sources of Antifungal Drugs.

Due to their eukaryotic heritage, the differences between a fungal pathogen's molecular makeup and its human host are small. Therefore, the discovery and subsequent development of novel antifungal drugs are extremely challenging. Nevertheless, since the 1940s, researchers have successfully uncovered potent candidates from natural or synthetic sources.

In Vitro Assessment of Azole and Amphotericin B Susceptibilities of spp. Isolated from Healthy and Lesioned Skin.

yeasts have recently gained medical importance as emerging pathogens associated with a wide range of dermatological and systemic infections. Since standardized methods for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing have not yet been established for spp., related diseases are always treated empirically.

The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolites in Vaginal Health and Disease: Application to Candidiasis.

Although the vast majority of women encounters at least one vaginal infection during their life, the amount of microbiome-related research performed in this area lags behind compared to alternative niches such as the intestinal tract. As a result, effective means of diagnosis and treatment, especially of recurrent infections, are limited. The role of the metabolome in vaginal health is largely elusive.

Molecular Elucidation of Riboflavin Production and Regulation in Candida albicans, toward a Novel Antifungal Drug Target.

is a major cause of fungal infections, both superficial and invasive. The economic costs as well as consequences for patient welfare are substantial. Only a few treatment options are available due to the high resemblance between fungal targets and host molecules, as both are eukaryotes.

Unique genetic basis of the distinct antibiotic potency of high acetic acid production in the probiotic yeast var. .

The yeast has been used worldwide as a popular, commercial probiotic, but the basis of its probiotic action remains obscure. It is considered conspecific with budding yeast , which is generally used in classical food applications. They have an almost identical genome sequence, making the genetic basis of probiotic potency in puzzling.

Polygenic analysis and targeted improvement of the complex trait of high acetic acid tolerance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: Acetic acid is one of the major inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysates used for the production of second-generation bioethanol. Although several genes have been identified in laboratory yeast strains that are required for tolerance to acetic acid, the genetic basis of the high acetic acid tolerance naturally present in some Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is unknown. Identification of its polygenic basis may allow improvement of acetic acid tolerance in yeast strains used for second-generation bioethanol production by precise genome editing, minimizing the risk of negatively affecting other industrially important properties of the yeast.