Failure to account for practice effects leads to clinical misinterpretation of cognitive outcome following carotid endarterectomy.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure to remove stenotic atherosclerotic plaque from the origin of the carotid artery to reduce the risk of major stroke. Its impact on postoperative cognitive function (POCF) remains controversial; complicated, in part, by a traditional failure to account for practice effects incurred during consecutive psychometric testing. To address this for the first time, we performed psychometric testing (learning and memory, working memory, attention and information processing, and visuomotor coordination) in 15 male patients aged 68  8 years with symptomatic carotid stenosis the day before and 24 h following elective CEA (two consecutive tests, 48 h apart).

Vascular surgery, ICU and HDU: a 14-year observational study.

Introduction: Over the course of the past decade, numerous changes have occurred in the management of patients undergoing vascular surgical operations. The introduction of high dependency units (HDUs) has meant that many patients previously requiring observation in intensive care units (ICUs) are now managed in this new environment. In addition, many vascular patients may now be suitable for management on a vascular ward immediately following their surgery.