Unlocking the Potential of Pediatric Virtual Care: An e-Delphi Study on a Virtual Caregiver Participation Framework in Audiology.

Purpose: Virtual service delivery models in audiology have become more accessible due to recent technological advancement and improved system-level uptake following COVID-19. Although current evidence identifies the benefits of virtual care to families with children who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing and supports its use in practice, this delivery model is still underutilized. This research aimed to gain consensus on an evidence-informed virtual caregiver participation framework developed from a scoping review of the communication sciences and disorders literature.

Testing a Biobehavioral Model of Chronic Stress and Weight Gain in Young Children (Family Stress Study): Protocol and Baseline Demographics for a Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Chronic stress is an important risk factor in the development of obesity. While research suggests chronic stress is linked to excess weight gain in children, the biological or behavioral mechanisms are poorly understood.

Objective: The objectives of the Family Stress Study are to examine behavioral and biological pathways through which chronic stress exposure (including stress from COVID-19) may be associated with adiposity in young children, and to determine if factors such as child sex, caregiver-child relationship quality, caregiver education, and caregiver self-regulation moderate the association between chronic stress and child adiposity.

The nonverbal expression of guilt in healthy adults.

Guilt is a negative emotion elicited by realizing one has caused actual or perceived harm to another person. One of guilt's primary functions is to signal that one is aware of the harm that was caused and regrets it, an indication that the harm will not be repeated. Verbal expressions of guilt are often deemed insufficient by observers when not accompanied by nonverbal signals such as facial expression, gesture, posture, or gaze.

Early nap cessation in young children as a correlate of language and psychosocial outcomes: Evidence from a large Canadian sample.

Objectives: Most children stop napping between 2 and 5years old. We tested the association of early nap cessation (ie, children who stopped before their third birthday) and language, cognition functioning and psychosocial outcomes.

Methods: Data were from a national, longitudinal sample of Canadian children, with three timepoints.

Effect of the Telemedicine Enhanced Asthma Management Through the Emergency Department (TEAM-ED) Program on Asthma Morbidity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To test the effectiveness of a telemedicine-based program in reducing asthma morbidity among children who present to the emergency department (ED) for asthma, by facilitating primary care follow-up and promoting delivery of guideline-based care.

Study Design: We included children (3-12 years of age) with persistent asthma who presented to the ED for asthma, who were then randomly assigned to Telemedicine Enhanced Asthma Management through the Emergency Department (TEAM-ED) or enhanced usual care. TEAM-ED included (1) school-based telemedicine follow-ups, completed by a primary care provider, (2) point-of-care prompting to promote guideline-based care, and 3) an opportunity for 2 additional telemedicine follow-ups.

A bifactor model supports unidimensionality of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form in young active patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears: a retrospective analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC) is the most highly recommended patient reported outcome measure for assessing patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and those undergoing ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. The IKDC was developed as a unidimensional instrument for a variety of knee conditions. Structural validity, which determines how an instrument is scored, has not been definitively confirmed for the IKDC in respondents with ACL injuries, and in fact an alternative two-factor/subscale structure has been proposed in this population.

Effects of online self-compassionate writing on stigmatizing and affirming self-perceptions: Potential boundary conditions in undergraduate women.

This study investigated the effects of an online self-compassionate writing intervention on stigmatizing and affirming self-views toward the body in a sample of college women (N = 254). Participants were randomly assigned to a self-compassionate writing, attentional-control writing, or wait-list control condition for one week, and completed measures of self-compassion, affirming self-perceptions, and stigmatizing self-perceptions at baseline, one-week post intervention, and one-month post intervention. A series of mixed AN(C)OVAs revealed no significant effects by condition or time on stigmatizing or affirming self-views toward the body when controlling for self-esteem, internalized weight stigma, and eating disorder symptomatology.

Development and Preliminary Validation of the KOOS-ACL: A Short Form Version of the KOOS for Young Active Patients With ACL Tears.

Background: The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) is a widely used region-specific outcome measure for assessing patients of all ages with a variety of knee conditions. Use of the KOOS for young active patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear has been called into question regarding its relevance and interpretability for this specific population. Furthermore, the KOOS does not have adequate structural validity for use in high-functioning patients with ACL deficiency.

External Validation of the KOOS-ACL in the MOON Group Cohort of Young Athletes Followed for 10 Postoperative Years.

Background: The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Anterior Cruciate Ligament (KOOS-ACL) is a short form version of the KOOS, developed to target populations of young active patients with ACL tears. The KOOS-ACL consists of 2 subscales: Function (8 items) and Sport (4 items). The KOOS-ACL was developed and validated using data from the Stability 1 study from baseline to postoperative 2 years.

The psychophysiology of guilt in healthy adults.

Guilt is a negative emotion, elicited by realizing one has caused actual or perceived harm to another person. Anecdotally, guilt often is described as a visceral and physical experience. However, while the way that the body responds to and contributes to emotions is well known in basic emotions, little is known about the characteristics of guilt as generated by the autonomic nervous system.

Investigating the relationships between temporal and spatial ratio estimation and magnitude discrimination using structural equation modeling: Evidence for a common ratio processing system.

Humans perceive ratios of spatial and temporal magnitudes, such as length and duration. Previous studies have shown that spatial ratios may be processed by a common ratio processing system. The aim of the current study was to determine whether ratio processing is a domain-general ability and consequently involves common processing of temporal and spatial magnitudes.

Numeracy and COVID-19: examining interrelationships between numeracy, health numeracy and behaviour.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people across the globe have been exposed to large amounts of statistical data. Previous studies have shown that individuals' mathematical understanding of health-related information affects their attitudes and behaviours. Here, we investigate the relation between (i) basic numeracy, (ii) COVID-19 health numeracy, and (iii) COVID-19 health-related attitudes and behaviours.

The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Does Not Have Adequate Structural Validity for Use With Young, Active Patients With ACL Tears.

Background: The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is well known and commonly used to assess young, active patients with ACL injuries. However, this application of the outcome measure has been called into question. There is currently no evidence supporting the structural validity of the KOOS for this patient population.

Family Physician Clinical Inertia in Managing Hypoglycemia.

Aims: Clinical inertia behaviour affects family physicians managing chronic disease such as diabetes. Literature addressing clinical inertia in the management of hypoglycemia is scarce. The objectives of this study were to create a measurement for physician clinical inertia in managing hypoglycemia (ClinInert_InHypoDM), and to determine physicians' characteristics associated with clinical inertia.

Disentangling the individual and contextual effects of math anxiety: A global perspective.

Math anxiety is a common affective disorder in students that is characterized by intrusive thoughts that disrupt critical cognitive resources required for math problem-solving. Consistent associations between math anxiety and math achievement have been observed across countries and age groups, placing math anxiety among other important correlates of math achievement, such as socioeconomic status and magnitude representation ability. However, studies examining math anxiety's relation to achievement have largely focused on the effect of students' own math anxiety (individual effect), while little is known regarding the effect of math anxiety in students' educational context (contextual effect).

Effects of childhood trauma on pain-related distress in adults.

Background: Much of the work in post-musculoskeletal (MSK) trauma and distress has been conducted through frameworks that start from the injury and go forward to better understand the trajectories and predictors of recovery. However, stress-diatheses models suggest that reactions to trauma are shaped by pre-existing experiences of the person more than the parameters of the event itself. In this study, we explore the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on traumatic threat appraisal, distress and pain-related functional interference in adulthood.

Evaluating the Financial Sustainability of the School-Based Telemedicine Asthma Management Program.

Using telemedicine to improve asthma management in underserved communities has been shown to be highly effective. However, program operating costs are perceived as the main barrier to dissemination and scaling up. This study evaluated whether a novel, evidence-based School-Based Telemedicine Enhanced Asthma Management (SB-TEAM) program, designed to overcome barriers to care for families of urban school-aged children, can be financially sustainable in real-world urban school settings.

Monitoring the effects of COVID-19 in emerging adults with pre-existing mood and anxiety disorders.

Aim: The COVID-19 quarantine closed many mental health services. Emerging adults with pre-existing mood or anxiety disorders were of concern for worsening symptoms. We sought to demonstrate a method for monitoring mental health status of a group of patients with reduced access to their usual mental health services during quarantine.

Kindergarteners' symbolic number abilities predict nonsymbolic number abilities and math achievement in grade 1.

Research has shown that two different, though related, ways of representing magnitude play foundational roles in the development of numerical and mathematical skills: a nonverbal approximate number system and an exact symbolic number system. While there have been numerous studies suggesting that the two systems are important predictors of math achievement, there has been substantial debate regarding whether and how these basic numerical competencies may be developmentally interrelated. Specifically, the causal direction of their relation has been the subject of debate: whether children's approximate number abilities predict later symbolic number abilities (the mapping account) or the other way around (the refinement account).

Effect of the School-Based Asthma Care for Teens (SB-ACT) program on asthma morbidity: a 3-arm randomized controlled trial.

Urban adolescents with asthma often have inadequate preventive care. We tested the effectiveness of the School-Based Asthma Care for Teens (SB-ACT) program on asthma morbidity and preventive medication adherence.- 12-16yr olds with persistent asthma in Rochester, NY schools.

Defining pain and interference recovery trajectories after acute non-catastrophic musculoskeletal trauma through growth mixture modeling.

Background: Recovery trajectories support early identification of delayed recovery and can inform personalized management or phenotyping of risk profiles in patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the trajectories in pain severity and functional interference following non-catastrophic musculoskeletal (MSK) trauma in an international, mixed injury sample.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort (n = 241) was formed from patients identified within four weeks of trauma, from attendance at emergency or urgent care centres located in London, ON, Canada, or Chicago, IL, USA.

Meditating in virtual reality: Proof-of-concept intervention for posttraumatic stress.

We investigate the potential therapeutic application of virtual reality (VR) technology as an aid to meditation practice among persons varying in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In this within-group mixed-methods study, 96 young adults practiced both VR- and non-VR-guided meditations and reported on their experience of positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), other meditative experiences and perceived satisfaction-credibility of each meditation. Participants reported more PA and greater perceived satisfaction-credibility following the VR as compared to non-VR-guided meditations primarily when the VR meditation was practiced first, before the non-VR meditation, as opposed to vice versa.

Measuring Patients' Perceptions of Health Care Encounters: Examining the Factor Structure of the Revised Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC-R) Questionnaire.

Purpose: Given the ongoing desire to make health care more patient-centered and growing evidence supporting the provision of patient-centered care, it is important to have valid tools for measuring patient-centered care. The patient-centered clinical method (PCCM) is a conceptual framework for providing patient-centered care. A revision to the PCCM framework led to a corresponding need to enhance the Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC) questionnaire.

Examining the Factor Structure of the MLQ Transactional and Transformational Leadership Dimensions in Nursing Context.

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is the most widely used instrument for assessing dimensions of leadership style; yet, most studies have failed to reproduce the original MLQ factor structure. The current study evaluates the dimensionality and nomological validity of Bass's transactional and transformational leadership model using the MLQ in a sample of registered nurses working in acute care hospitals in Canada. A combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the hypothetical factor structure of the MLQ consisting of five transformational factors, and three transactional factors.

Reconstruction of a Caregiver Burden Scale: Identifying Culturally Sensitive Items in Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACTFor this study, we adapted the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale, used widely in the United States, to the Saudi Arabian context. To produce an Arabic, culturally sensitive version of the scale, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 Saudi family caregivers. The Arabic version of the scale was tested, and participants were asked to comment on the appropriateness of items for the construct of "caregiver burden" using the repertory grid technique and laddering procedure - two constructivist methods derived from personal construct theory.