Spatial distribution of a fusiform cell in the optic tectum of Pantodon buchholzi, the African butterfly fish (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha).

Pantodon buchholzi, the African butterfly fish, inhabits an ecological niche just below the water surface. At that position, each eye necessarily views into the air through the surface of the water and into the water. Since Pantodon is an obligatory surface feeder, the ventral retina viewing the aerial environment provides all visual information for prey acquisition.

The association between posterior-inferior tibial slope and anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an increased posterior-inferior tibial slope (PITS) is associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and whether an increased PITS results in worse pivot-shift grades in ACL-insufficient patients. This study also examined the difference in PITS between men and women.

Methods: We radiographically measured the PITS angle of 100 ACL-insufficient patients and 100 patients with patellofemoral pain (control patients).