Chemical analysis of Alliin-Rich (Garlic) extract and its safety evaluation in .

Garlic () has been traditionally valued for its medicinal properties attributed to the presence of organosulfur compounds. Despite its benefits, concerns about herbal extract toxicity have arisen, necessitating safety assessment This study was designed to evaluate the chemical analysis and safety profile of Alliin-Rich Garlic Extract (ARGE) using as a model organism. The ARGE was extracted from garlic cloves ( Linn: UIH-23262) using a microwave-assisted method and characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS, H NMR, HPLC and IR.

Mechanism of antimalarial action and mitigation of infection-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by phyto-constituents of Andrographis paniculata ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Andrographis paniculata (AP) ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) is a medicinal plant, documented for its folkloric use in the treatment of malaria.

Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings.

Specialized metabolites are produced via discrete metabolic pathways. These small molecules play significant roles in plant growth and development, as well as defense against environmental stresses. These include damping off or seedling blight at a post-emergence stage.

Metabolomic Reconfiguration in Primed Barley () Plants in Response to f. Infection.

Necrotrophic fungi affect a wide range of plants and cause significant crop losses. For the activation of multi-layered innate immune defences, plants can be primed or pre-conditioned to rapidly and more efficiently counteract this pathogen. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses were applied to elucidate the biochemical processes involved in the response of 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid (3,5-DCAA) primed barley plants to f.

Lipopolysaccharides from induce a broad metabolomic response in .

one of the most destructive crop pathogens worldwide, causes bacterial wilt disease in a wide range of host plants. The major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), has been shown to function as elicitors of plant defense leading to the activation of signaling and defense pathways in several plant species. LPS from a strain virulent on tomato (LPS), were purified, chemically characterized, and structurally elucidated.

Metabolite profiling of susceptible and resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars responding to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici infection.

Background: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an economically devasting disease that is prominent in cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Metabolic Reprogramming of Barley in Response to Foliar Application of Dichlorinated Functional Analogues of Salicylic Acid as Priming Agents and Inducers of Plant Defence.

Designing innovative biological crop protection strategies to stimulate natural plant immunity is motivated by the growing need for eco-friendly alternatives to conventional biocidal agrochemicals. Salicylic acid (SA) and analogues are known chemical inducers of priming plant immunity against environmental stresses. The aim of the study was to study the metabolic reprogramming in barley plants following an application of three proposed dichlorinated inducers of acquired resistance.

Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of a hot water and methanol extract of Acokanthera oppositifolia in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Herb-induced liver injury is poorly described for African herbal remedies, such as Acokanthera oppositifolia. Although a commonly used treatment for pain, snake bites and anthrax, it is also a well-known arrow poison, thus toxicity is to be expected.

Aim Of The Study: The cytotoxicity and preliminary mechanisms of toxicity in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells were assessed.

Metabolomic evaluation of PGPR defence priming in wheat ( L.) cultivars infected with f. sp. (stripe rust).

Plant-microbe interactions are a phenomenal display of symbiotic/parasitic relationships between living organisms. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are some of the most widely investigated plant-beneficial microbes due to their capabilities in stimulating plant growth and development and conferring protection to plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. As such, PGPR-mediated plant priming/induced systemic resistance (ISR) has become a hot topic among researchers, particularly with prospects of applications in sustainable agriculture.

Untargeted metabolite profiling to elucidate rhizosphere and leaf metabolome changes of wheat cultivars ( L.) treated with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (T22) and .

The rhizosphere is a highly complex and biochemically diverse environment that facilitates plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, and this region is found between plant roots and the bulk soil. Several studies have reported plant root exudation and metabolite secretion by rhizosphere-inhabiting microbes, suggesting that these metabolites play a vital role in plant-microbe interactions. However, the biochemical constellation of the rhizosphere soil is yet to be fully elucidated and thus remains extremely elusive.

Influence of seasonal and geographic variation on the anti-HSV-1 properties and chlorogenic acids content of Sch. Bip.

Pharmacological studies conducted in the past revealed the potential source of medicinal plants in the development of novel medicines. The phenolic contents of medicinal plants containing chlorogenic acids (CGA) have been linked to a variety of therapeutic effects, especially antiviral activity. is a medicinal plant which has been reported to contain chlorogenic acids compounds and has also shown antiviral activities against a number of virus species including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1).

Mass Spectral Molecular Networking to Profile the Metabolome of Biostimulant Strains.

Beneficial soil microbes like plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) significantly contribute to plant growth and development through various mechanisms activated by plant-PGPR interactions. However, a complete understanding of the biochemistry of the PGPR and microbial intraspecific interactions within the consortia is still enigmatic. Such complexities constrain the design and use of PGPR formulations for sustainable agriculture.

New Alk(en)ylhydroxycyclohexanes with Tyrosinase Inhibition Potential from Bernh. Gum Exudate.

This work presents the first report on the phytochemical investigation of Bernh. gum exudate. A known cardanol, 3-heptadec-12'--enyl phenol () and three new alk(en)ylhydroxycyclohexanes, namely, (1,3)-1,3-dihydroxy-3-[heptadec-12'()-enyl]cyclohexane () (1,2,345)-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy-5-[octadec-13'()-enyl]cyclohexane () and (1,2,4)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-4-[heptadec-12'()-enyl]cyclohexane () were isolated from the gum.

Computational Metabolomics Tools Reveal Metabolic Reconfigurations Underlying the Effects of Biostimulant Seaweed Extracts on Maize Plants under Drought Stress Conditions.

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses causing severe damage and losses in economically important crops worldwide. Drought decreases the plant water status, leading to a disruptive metabolic reprogramming that negatively affects plant growth and yield. Seaweed extract-based biostimulants show potential as a sustainable strategy for improved crop health and stress resilience.

Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Arabidopsis WT, and Mutants Following Treatment with Two LPS Chemotypes.

Plants perceive pathogenic threats from the environment that have evaded preformed barriers through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognise microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The perception of and triggered defence to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a MAMP is well-studied in mammals, but little is known in plants, including the PRR(s). Understanding LPS-induced secondary metabolites and perturbed metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis will be key to generating disease-resistant plants and improving global plant crop yield.

Hordatines and Associated Precursors Dominate Metabolite Profiles of Barley ( L.) Seedlings: A Metabolomics Study of Five Cultivars.

In the process of enhancing crop potential, metabolomics offers a unique opportunity to biochemically describe plant metabolism and to elucidate metabolite profiles that govern specific phenotypic characteristics. In this study we report an untargeted metabolomic profiling of shoots and roots of barley seedlings performed to reveal the chemical makeup therein at an early growth stage. The study was conducted on five cultivars of barley: 'Overture', 'Cristalia', 'Deveron', 'LE7' and 'Genie'.

Metabolomic profile of medicinal plants with anti-RVFV activity.

Twenty medicinal plants with previously established anti-viral activity against a wild-type RVFV were further investigated using bio-chemometric and analytical techniques. The aim being to identify compounds common in plants with anti-RVFV activity, potentially being the major contributors to the anti-viral effect. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA) was applied to characterize metabolite profiles of twenty antiviral medicinal plants.

Comparative Metabolite Profiling of Wheat Cultivars () Reveals Signatory Markers for Resistance and Susceptibility to Stripe Rust and Aluminium (Al) Toxicity.

Plants continuously produce essential metabolites that regulate their growth and development. The enrichment of specific metabolites determines plant interactions with the immediate environment, and some metabolites become critical in defence responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, an untargeted UHPLC-qTOF-MS approach was employed to profile metabolites of wheat cultivars resistant or susceptible to the pathogen f.

Metabolomic Evaluation of Cold Shock Protein Peptide (csp22)-Induced Responses in .

, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is one of the most destructive bacterial plant pathogens. This is linked to its evolutionary adaptation to evade host surveillance during the infection process since many of the pathogen's associated molecular patterns escape recognition. However, a 22-amino acid sequence of derived cold shock protein (csp22) was discovered to elicit an immune response in the Solanaceae.

A Global Metabolic Map Defines the Effects of a Si-Based Biostimulant on Tomato Plants under Normal and Saline Conditions.

The ongoing unpredictability of climate changes is exponentially exerting a negative impact on crop production, further aggravating detrimental abiotic stress effects. Several research studies have been focused on the genetic modification of crop plants to achieve more crop resilience against such stress factors; however, there has been a paradigm shift in modern agriculture focusing on more organic, eco-friendly and long-lasting systems to improve crop yield. As such, extensive research into the use of microbial and nonmicrobial biostimulants has been at the core of agricultural studies to improve crop growth and development, as well as to attain tolerance against several biotic and abiotic stresses.

A Metabolomics Approach and Chemometric Tools for Differentiation of Barley Cultivars and Biomarker Discovery.

One of the ultimate goals of plant breeding is the development of new crop cultivars capable of withstanding increasing environmental stresses, to sustain the constantly growing population and economic demands. Investigating the chemical composition of the above and underground tissues of cultivars is crucial for the understanding of common and specific traits thereof. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach together with appropriate chemometrics tools, the differential metabolite profiles of leaf and root extracts from five cultivars of barley ('Erica', 'Elim', 'Hessekwa', 'S16' and 'Agulhas') were explored and potential signatory biomarkers were revealed.

Altered metabolomic states elicited by Flg22 and FlgII-28 in Solanum lycopersicum: intracellular perturbations and metabolite defenses.

Background: Surveillance of potential pathogens is a key feature of plant innate immunity. For non-self-recognition plants rely on the perception of pathogen-derived molecules. Early post-perception events activate signaling cascades, leading to the synthesis of defense-related proteins and specialized metabolites, thereby providing a broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage.

Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against Infection.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can stimulate disease suppression through the induction of an enhanced state of defense readiness. Here, untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) were used to investigate metabolic reprogramming in tomato plant tissues in response to priming by N04 and T22 against . Roots were treated with the two PGPR strains prior to stem inoculation with Metabolites were methanol-extracted from roots, stems and leaves at two-eight days post-inoculation.

Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of the n-Hexane Fraction of Stem Bark in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rats.

Background: Inflammation is a protective response of the host to infections and tissue damage and medicinal plants have been used to regulate inflammatory response. The phytochemical contents of the -hexane fraction of and their anti-inflammatory potentials in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were investigated in rat liver.

Materials And Methods: A quantity of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in twenty-five male Wistar rats, grouped (n = 5) and treated as follows: negative control (10 mL/kg saline), positive control (1 mg/kg ibuprofen); 50, 100 and 20 mg/kg of the -hexane fraction of were administered to test groups.