Magnetization transfer MRI of intragastric milk digestion: A feasibility study in humans.

Gastric milk protein coagulation has been extensively studied using in vitro and animal models. Yet, verifying these results in humans remains essential. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using MT MRI for monitoring milk protein coagulation in vivo in humans.

Intra- and interindividual variability in fasted gastric content volume.

Background: Gastric fluid plays a key role in food digestion and drug dissolution, therefore, the amount of gastric fluid present in a fasted state may influence subsequent digestion and drug delivery. We aimed to describe intra- and interindividual variation in fasted gastric content volume (FGCV) and to determine the association with age, sex, and body size characteristics.

Methods: Data from 24 MRI studies measuring FGCV in healthy, mostly young individuals after an overnight fast were pooled.

Correction: Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial.

Correction for 'Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial' by Elise J. M. van Eijnatten , , 2024, , 3098-3107, https://doi.

Uncovering the predictive pathways of lithium and sodium interchange in layered oxides.

Ion exchange is a powerful method to access metastable materials with advanced functionalities for energy storage applications. However, high concentrations and unfavourably large excesses of lithium are always used for synthesizing lithium cathodes from parent sodium material, and the reaction pathways remain elusive. Here, using layered oxides as model materials, we demonstrate that vacancy level and its corresponding lithium preference are critical in determining the accessible and inaccessible ion exchange pathways.

Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial.

: studies suggest that casein coagulation of milk is influenced by its mineral composition, and may therefore affect the dynamics of protein digestion, gastric emptying and appearance of amino acids (AA) in the blood, but this remains to be confirmed . : This study aimed to compare gastrointestinal digestion between two milks with the same total calcium content but different casein mineralization (CM). : Fifteen males (age 30.

Context matters: Neural processing of food-flavored e-cigarettes and the influence of smoking.

E-cigarettes are harmful, addictive, and popular. In e-cigarettes, nicotine is often paired with food-flavors. How this pairing of nicotine and food cues influences neural processing warrants investigation, as in smokers, both types of cues activate similar brain regions.

van der Waals Epitaxy, Superlubricity, and Polarization of the 2D Ferroelectric SnS.

Tin monosulfide (SnS) is a two-dimensional layered semiconductor that exhibits in-plane ferroelectric order at very small thicknesses and is of interest in highly scaled devices. Here we report the epitaxial growth of SnS on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) using a pulsed metal-organic chemical vapor deposition process. Lattice matching is observed between the SnS(100) and hBN{11̅0} planes, with no evidence of strain.

Milk coagulation and gastric emptying in women experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion of cow's milk.

Background: Gastrointestinal symptoms after drinking milk are often attributed to lactose intolerance or cow's milk allergy. However, some individuals without either condition still report gastrointestinal symptoms after drinking milk. This may be caused by gastric emptying (GE) rate or gastric protein coagulation.

Formation mechanism of high-index faceted Pt-Bi alloy nanoparticles by evaporation-induced growth from metal salts.

Nanoparticles with high-index facets are intriguing because such facets can lend the structure useful functionality, including enhanced catalytic performance and wide-ranging optical tunability. Ligand-free solid-state syntheses of high index-facet nanoparticles, through an alloying-dealloying process with foreign volatile metals, are attractive owing to their materials generality and high yields. However, the role of foreign atoms in stabilizing the high-index facets and the dynamic nature of the transformation including the coarsening and facet regulation process are still poorly understood.

The potential for clinical application of automatic quantification of olfactory bulb volume in MRI scans using convolutional neural networks.

The olfactory bulbs (OBs) play a key role in olfactory processing; their volume is important for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients with olfactory loss. Until now, measurements of OB volumes have been limited to quantification of manually segmented OBs, which is a cumbersome task and makes evaluation of OB volumes in large scale clinical studies infeasible. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of our previously developed automatic OB segmentation method for application in clinical practice and to relate the results to clinical outcome measures.

Social status and unethical behavior: Two replications of the field studies in Piff et al. (2012).

Prominent social psychologists and major media outlets have put forward the notion that people of high socioeconomic status (SES) are more selfish and behave more unethically than people of low SES. In contrast, other research in economics and sociology has hypothesized and found a positive relationship between SES and prosocial and ethical behavior. We review the empirical evidence for these contradictory findings and conduct two direct, well-powered, and preregistered replications of the field studies by Piff and colleagues (2012) to test the relationship between SES and unethical/selfish behavior.

The effect of hunger state on hypothalamic functional connectivity in response to food cues.

The neural underpinnings of the integration of internal and external cues that reflect nutritional status are poorly understood in humans. The hypothalamus is a key integrative area involved in short- and long-term energy intake regulation. Hence, we examined the effect of hunger state on the hypothalamus network using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Brain Structure in Acutely Underweight and Partially Weight-Restored Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A Coordinated Analysis by the ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group.

Background: The pattern of structural brain abnormalities in anorexia nervosa (AN) is still not well understood. While several studies report substantial deficits in gray matter volume and cortical thickness in acutely underweight patients, others find no differences, or even increases in patients compared with healthy control subjects. Recent weight regain before scanning may explain some of this heterogeneity.

Effects of the Encapsulation Membrane in Operando Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Nanoscale tailoring of catalytic materials and Li-battery alternatives has elevated the importance of gas-phase electron microscopy. Such advanced techniques are often performed using an environmental cell inserted into a conventional S/TEM setup, as this method facilitates concurrent electrochemical and temperature stimulations in a convenient and cost-effective manner. However, these cells are made by encapsulating gas between two insulating membranes, which introduces additional electron scattering.

Uncovering the crystal defects within aragonite CaCO.

Knowledge of deformation mechanisms in aragonite, one of the three crystalline polymorphs of CaCO3, is essential to understand the overall excellent mechanical performance of nacres. Dislocation slip and deformation twinning were claimed previously as plasticity carriers in aragonite, but crystallographic features of dislocations and twins have been poorly understood. Here, utilizing various transmission electron microscopy techniques, we reveal the atomic structures of twins, partial dislocations, and associated stacking faults.

Correlation between brain function and ADHD symptom changes in children with ADHD following a few-foods diet: an open-label intervention trial.

Research into the effect of nutrition on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has shown that the few-foods diet (FFD) substantially decreases ADHD symptoms in 60% of children. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this open-label nutritional intervention study we investigated whether behavioural changes after following an FFD are associated with changes in brain function during inhibitory control in 79 boys with ADHD, aged 8-10 years.

Gastric Emptying and Intragastric Behavior of Breast Milk and Infant Formula in Lactating Mothers.

Background: When sufficient breast milk is not available, infant formula is often used as an alternative. As for digestion, gastric behavior of infant formula and breast milk have not been studied in detail.

Objective: This study aimed to compare gastric emptying and intragastric behavior between breast milk and infant formula in vivo using MRI.

Degeneration Behavior of Cu Nanowires under Carbon Dioxide Environment: An / Study.

Copper (Cu) is a catalyst broadly used in industry for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, which has broad implications for environmental sustainability. An accurate understanding of the degeneration behavior of Cu catalysts under conditions is critical for uncovering the failure mechanism of catalysts and designing novel ones with optimized performance. Despite the widespread use of these materials, their failure mechanisms are not well understood because conventional characterization techniques lack the necessary time and spatial resolution to capture these complex behaviors.