Using Laboratory Test Results for Surveillance During a New Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis in 3-Week- to 5-Year-Old Children in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Curaçao: Observational Cohort Study.

Background: In March 2022, a concerning rise in cases of unexplained pediatric hepatitis was reported in multiple countries. Cases were defined as acute hepatitis with serum transaminases >500 U/L (aspartate transaminase [AST] or alanine transaminase [ALT]) in children aged 16 years or younger. We explored a simple federated data analytics method to search for evidence of unreported cases using routinely held data.

Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-Surface (REASON).

The Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) is a dual-frequency ice-penetrating radar (9 and 60 MHz) onboard the Europa Clipper mission. REASON is designed to probe Europa from exosphere to subsurface ocean, contributing the third dimension to observations of this enigmatic world. The hypotheses REASON will test are that (1) the ice shell of Europa hosts liquid water, (2) the ice shell overlies an ocean and is subject to tidal flexing, and (3) the exosphere, near-surface, ice shell, and ocean participate in material exchange essential to the habitability of this moon.

Moving average quality control of routine chemistry and hematology parameters - a toolbox for implementation.

Objectives: Moving average quality control (MA QC) is a patient-based real-time quality control system. Advantages compared to conventional periodic internal quality control (IQC) include absence of commutability problems and continuous monitoring of performance. We implemented MA QC for multiple routine hematology and chemistry parameters.

Large-scale cryovolcanic resurfacing on Pluto.

The New Horizons spacecraft returned images and compositional data showing that terrains on Pluto span a variety of ages, ranging from relatively ancient, heavily cratered areas to very young surfaces with few-to-no impact craters. One of the regions with very few impact craters is dominated by enormous rises with hummocky flanks. Similar features do not exist anywhere else in the imaged solar system.

Morphometric Study of Craters on Saturn's Moon Rhea.

Morphometric studies of impact craters on icy moons can be used to understand modification of crater topography. Several processes (e.g.

Diagnostic methods for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: benefits, limitations, requirements, and novel developments.

Invasive bilirubin measurements remain the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of infants with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The present paper describes different methods currently available to assess hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants. Novel point-of-care bilirubin measurement methods, such as the BiliSpec and the Bilistick, would benefit many newborn infants, especially in low-income and middle-income countries where the access to costly multi-analyzer in vitro diagnostic instruments is limited.

Screening methods for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: benefits, limitations, requirements, and novel developments.

Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH) is a serious condition that occurs worldwide. Timely recognition with bilirubin determination is key in the management of SNH. Visual assessment of jaundice is unreliable.

Topography and geology of Uranian mid-sized icy satellites in comparison with Saturnian and Plutonian satellites.

Newly processed global imaging and topographic mapping of Uranus's five major satellites reveal differences and similarities to mid-sized satellites at Saturn and Pluto. Three modes of internal heat redistribution are recognized. The broad similarity of Miranda's three oval resurfacing zones to those mapped on Enceladus and (subtly) on Dione are likely due to antipodal diapiric upwelling.

Influence of seed layers on optical properties of aluminum in the UV range.

The potential of titanium and copper seed layers to enhance the optical properties of aluminum films for ultra-violet (UV) applications is analyzed. The seed layers significantly influence the initial layer growth of aluminum films. For the titanium-seeded aluminum, a surface roughness of 0.

Effect of an electric field during the deposition of silicon dioxide thin films by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition: an experimental and computational study.

The growth, chemical, structural, mechanical, and optical properties of oxide thin films deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) are strongly influenced by the average-bias voltage applied during the reaction step of surface functional groups with oxygen plasma species. Here, this effect is investigated thoroughly for SiO2 deposited in two different PEALD tools at average-bias voltages up to -300 V. Already at a very low average-bias voltage (< -10 V), the SiO2 films have significantly lower water content than films grown without biasing together with the formation of denser films having a higher refractive index and nearly stoichiometric composition.

[Chronic kidney damage guidelines revision].

Age has no effect on the diagnosis of 'chronic kidney damage'. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 is to be considered 'abnormal' for patients of all ages.

Dunes on Pluto.

The surface of Pluto is more geologically diverse and dynamic than had been expected, but the role of its tenuous atmosphere in shaping the landscape remains unclear. We describe observations from the New Horizons spacecraft of regularly spaced, linear ridges whose morphology, distribution, and orientation are consistent with being transverse dunes. These are located close to mountainous regions and are orthogonal to nearby wind streaks.

Charon tectonics.

New Horizons images of Pluto's companion Charon show a variety of terrains that display extensional tectonic features, with relief surprising for this relatively small world. These features suggest a global extensional areal strain of order 1% early in Charon's history. Such extension is consistent with the presence of an ancient global ocean, now frozen.

Convection in a volatile nitrogen-ice-rich layer drives Pluto's geological vigour.

The vast, deep, volatile-ice-filled basin informally named Sputnik Planum is central to Pluto's vigorous geological activity. Composed of molecular nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide ices, but dominated by nitrogen ice, this layer is organized into cells or polygons, typically about 10 to 40 kilometres across, that resemble the surface manifestation of solid-state convection. Here we report, on the basis of available rheological measurements, that solid layers of nitrogen ice with a thickness in excess of about one kilometre should undergo convection for estimated present-day heat-flow conditions on Pluto.

The geology of Pluto and Charon through the eyes of New Horizons.

NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has revealed the complex geology of Pluto and Charon. Pluto's encounter hemisphere shows ongoing surface geological activity centered on a vast basin containing a thick layer of volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no greater than ~10 million years. Surrounding terrains show active glacial flow, apparent transport and rotation of large buoyant water-ice crustal blocks, and pitting, the latter likely caused by sublimation erosion and/or collapse.

Application of a point of care creatinine device for trend monitoring in kidney transplant patients: fit for purpose?

Background: The StatSensor® Xpress-i™, a point-of-care system for blood creatinine measurement, offers patients the possibility of self-monitoring creatinine. In this study, the analytical performance of the StatSensor® for both detecting current renal function and monitoring renal (dys)function in kidney transplant patients was examined.

Methods: Accuracy of the StatSensor® with capillary and venous whole blood was evaluated and compared to an isotopic dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)-traceable enzymatic creatinine test in venous serum (n=138).

Structure and evolution of the lunar Procellarum region as revealed by GRAIL gravity data.

The Procellarum region is a broad area on the nearside of the Moon that is characterized by low elevations, thin crust, and high surface concentrations of the heat-producing elements uranium, thorium, and potassium. The region has been interpreted as an ancient impact basin approximately 3,200 kilometres in diameter, although supporting evidence at the surface would have been largely obscured as a result of the great antiquity and poor preservation of any diagnostic features. Here we use data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to examine the subsurface structure of Procellarum.

The geologically recent giant impact basins at Vesta's south pole.

Dawn's global mapping of Vesta reveals that its observed south polar depression is composed of two overlapping giant impact features. These large basins provide exceptional windows into impact processes at planetary scales. The youngest, Rheasilvia, is 500 kilometers wide and 19 kilometers deep and finds its nearest morphologic analog among large basins on low-gravity icy satellites.

Associations between ABCB1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A5 alleles in relation to efavirenz and nevirapine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected individuals.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals show large interindividual variation in response to antiretroviral therapy. Efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) are nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which are prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral therapy in so-called highly active antiretroviral therapy. Recent studies provide evidence for the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, in particular CYP2B6, in relation to EFV and NVP pharmacokinetics.

True polar wander on Europa from global-scale small-circle depressions.

The tectonic patterns and stress history of Europa are exceedingly complex and many large-scale features remain unexplained. True polar wander, involving reorientation of Europa's floating outer ice shell about the tidal axis with Jupiter, has been proposed as a possible explanation for some of the features. This mechanism is possible if the icy shell is latitudinally variable in thickness and decoupled from the rocky interior.