Publications by authors named "Paul Roach"

Article Synopsis
  • Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, with about 20 million deaths in 2021; cardiovascular implants are crucial but face challenges like poor endothelialisation and rapid thrombosis.
  • Simple modifications using silanes can improve biological interactions on implant surfaces without compromising their overall properties.
  • This study found that aminosilane modified surfaces significantly enhance cardiac endothelial cell growth while reducing smooth muscle cell activity, suggesting that tailored surface chemistry can lead to better outcomes for cardiovascular implants.
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Background: Autonomic dysfunction may contribute to symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), possibly driven by psychological morbidity and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Previous data are conflicting, perhaps due to lack of accounting for differential bowel patterns in IBS (constipation vs. diarrhea) or by diverse methodologies used to measure autonomic function.

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Background And Objective: There is uncertainty regarding the clinical significance of Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) findings in men with prostate cancer. In this prespecified objective of the proPSMA study, we report the prognostic value of PET-defined nodal involvement.

Methods: Men with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer (grade group 3-5, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] ≥20 ng/ml, or clinical stage ≥T3) underwent Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT or CT and bone scanning as first- or second-line imaging.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study explores the use of an online clinical support tool designed to minimize judgment variability, or "noise," in prescribing radioactive iodine (RAI) for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  • It involved applying the tool to 103 patients treated from 2021-2022 and comparing it to 393 patients treated from 2017-2021, showing significant reductions in RAI dosages for intermediate and high-risk patients.
  • The results indicate that the tool effectively reduces variability in treatment decisions without increasing recurrence rates, suggesting it's a beneficial resource for clinical practice in DTC management.
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The bone-cartilage interface is defined by a unique arrangement of cells and tissue matrix. Injury to the interface can contribute to the development of arthritic joint disease. Attempts to repair osteochondral damage through clinical trials have generated mixed outcomes.

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Purpose: Although ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is a widely used imaging test, different options are possible for the acquisition and interpretation of the scan. The aim of this study was to assess current practices regarding the use and interpretation of lung scintigraphy in various clinical indications.

Patients And Methods: An online survey comprising 25 questions was sent to nuclear medicine departments in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and United States between 2022 and 2023.

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Objective: We investigated metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on pre-treatment FDG-PET as prognostic markers for survival in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) receiving peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with metastatic NENs receiving PRRT was undertaken. Pre-treatment FDG-PET images were analyzed and variables collected included MTV and TLG (dichotomized by median into high vs low).

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[F]FDG PET/CT and [Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT are both used to predict tumor biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Although the presence of discordant ([F]FDG-avid/non-[Ga]Ga-DOTATATE-avid) disease predicts poor prognosis, the significance of the volume of such discordant disease remains undetermined. The aim of this study is to investigate discordant tumor volume as a potential biomarker in patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEPNENs).

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The management of cancer patients has markedly improved with the advent of personalised medicine where treatments are given based on tumour antigen expression amongst other. Within this remit, liquid biopsies will no doubt improve this personalised cancer management. Identifying circulating tumour cells in blood allows a better assessment for tumour screening, staging, response to treatment and follow up.

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Introduction: Glioblastoma is the most common aggressive primary central nervous system cancer in adults characterised by uniformly poor survival. Despite maximal safe resection and postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide-based chemotherapy, tumours inevitably recur. Imaging with O-(2-[F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential to impact adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) planning, distinguish between treatment-induced pseudoprogression versus tumour progression as well as prognostication.

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Current in vitro thrombosis models utilise simplistic 2D surfaces coated with purified components of the subendothelial matrix. The lack of a realistic humanised model has led to greater study of thrombus formation in in vivo tests in animals. Here we aimed to develop 3D hydrogel-based replicas of the medial and adventitial layers of the human artery to produce a surface that can optimally support thrombus formation under physiological flow conditions.

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Developmental engineering (DE) aims to culture mammalian cells on corresponding modular scaffolds (scale: micron to millimeter), then assemble these into functional tissues imitating natural developmental biology processes. This research intended to investigate the influences of polymeric particles on modular tissue cultures. When poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) particles (diameter: 5-100 µm) were fabricated and submerged in culture medium in tissue culture plastics (TCPs) for modular tissue cultures, the majority of adjacent PMMA, some PLA but no PS particles aggregated.

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Article Synopsis
  • The human brain is an incredibly efficient computing system, operating on just 20 watts of power, and is unmatched in processing information and learning.
  • Recent advancements in stem cell technology have led to the creation of three-dimensional brain organoids that better mimic human brain functions, paving the way for Organoid Intelligence (OI).
  • The first Organoid Intelligence Workshop at Johns Hopkins University aimed to foster a community focused on establishing OI as a new discipline, exploring its potential to revolutionize fields like computing, neuroscience, and drug development.
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Collagen hydrogels are a rapidly expanding platform in bioengineering and soft materials engineering for novel applications focused on medical therapeutics, medical devices and biosensors. Observations linking microstructure to material properties and function enables rational design strategies to control this space. Visualisation of the microscale organisation of these soft hydrated materials presents unique technical challenges due to the relationship between hydration and the molecular organisation of a collagen gel.

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Our aim was to report the use of Cu and Cu as a theranostic pair of radionuclides in human subjects. An additional aim was to measure whole-organ dosimetry of Cu and Cu attached to the somatostatin analog octreotate using the sarcophagine MeCOSar chelator (SARTATE) in subjects with somatostatin receptor-expressing lesions confined to the cranium, thereby permitting normal-organ dosimetry for the remainder of the body. Pretreatment PET imaging studies were performed up to 24 h after injection of [Cu]Cu-SARTATE, and normal-organ dosimetry was estimated using OLINDA/EXM.

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Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEPNENs) are heterogeneous in clinical course, biology, and outcomes. The NETPET score predicts survival by scoring uptake on dual [Ga]DOTATATE and [F]FDG PET/CT scans. We aimed to validate previous single-centre findings in a multicentre, international study.

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Acute acalculous cholecystitis accounts for only 5-10% of cholecystitis cases and is often associated with severe trauma, critical illness, or chronic disease. Our case describes an otherwise healthy 25-year-old female presenting with acute abdominal pain. After undergoing a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and cholescintigraphy she was diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis.

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Wnt signaling plays an important role in embryogenesis and adult stem cell homeostasis. Its diminished activation is implicated in osteoporosis and degenerative neural diseases. However, systematic administration of Wnt-signaling agonists carries risk, as aberrantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is linked to cancer.

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Hormonal crises are a rare but increasingly recognized phenomenon following peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Due to the paucity of published studies, approaches to the identification, prevention, and management of risk factors are inconsistent between different institutions. This consensus statement aimed to provide guidance for NEN patients undergoing PRRT.

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Objective: We propose a new scoring system (I-PET) combining whole body scan (WBS) and FDG findings to identify patients who have or are likely to become refractory to radioactive iodine.

Design: Retrospective analysis of 142 patients age >18 with differentiated thyroid cancer who had a F-18 labelled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ( F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and WBS within a 6-month period between 2010 and 2020. Pairs of F-FDG PET and WBS were reviewed by three independent nuclear medicine physicians and an I-PET score was assigned: I-PET [0]: Iodine -ve/FDG -ve, I-PET [1]: Iodine +ve/FDG -ve, I-PET [2]: Iodine +ve/FDG +ve and I-PET [3]: Iodine -ve/FDG +ve.

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Introduction: Trauma surgery skills sustainment and maintenance of combat readiness present a major problem for military general surgeons. The Military Health System (MHS) utilizes the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) threshold score of 14,000 as a measure of annual deployment readiness. Only 9% of military surgeons meet this threshold.

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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show immunosuppressive effects both cell-to-cell contact (direct) with immune cells and by producing paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles (indirect). A key challenge in delivering this therapeutic effect is retaining the MSCs at the site of injection. One way to address this is by encapsulating the MSCs within suitable biomaterial scaffolds.

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The goal of radioactive iodine (RAI) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is to treat metastasis and reduce recurrence risk. International guidelines provide broad risk stratification to aid treatment decisions, but a more nuanced approach to individualize care is warranted. We developed a predictive risk model for DTC.

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Objective: To assess European Association of Urology (EAU) risk groups for biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer relative to prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) status and oncological outcomes.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of a study that incorporated PSMA-PET for men with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP) was undertaken. EAU risk groups were considered relative to clinical variables, PSMA-PET findings, and deployment of salvage radiotherapy (SRT).

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