Psoas Sarcopaenia Outcomes in Elderly Patients After Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Introduction Sarcopaenia has been examined as a predictor of frailty in surgical patients and may predict mortality. The hypothesis of this study is that sarcopaenia is associated with an increased risk of death following an episode of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGB). Methods This study included patients admitted with ALGB between January 2017 and June 2022, who underwent cross-sectional imaging (CSI).

Factors influencing unrelated stem cell donation a mixed-methods integrated systematic review.

Purpose: There is an imbalance between demand for and availability of stem cell donors worldwide. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide the first comprehensive understanding of facilitators and barriers influencing unrelated stem cell donation (USCD) in adults, through a data synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence. Identification of the facilitators and barriers associated with stem cell donation intention and behaviour is essential to inform the development of behaviour change interventions to meet the current demand.

Sex-specific ornament evolution is a consistent feature of climatic adaptation across space and time in dragonflies.

Adaptation to different climates fuels the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. Detailing how organisms optimize fitness for their local climates is therefore an essential goal in biology. Although we increasingly understand how survival-related traits evolve as organisms adapt to climatic conditions, it is unclear whether organisms also optimize traits that coordinate mating between the sexes.

Sweating Out the Circadian Rhythm: A Technical Review.

Circadian dysfunction or dysregulation is associated with many chronic morbidities. Current state-of-art technologies do not provide an accurate estimation of the extent of disease affliction. Recent advances call for using wearables for improving management and diagnosis of circadian related disorders.

Development of a flexible, sweat-based neuropeptide Y detection platform.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) biomarker levels have a close association with the diagnosis of Major Depression Disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders. Quantifying NPY in correlation to self-reported symptoms will be an important measure to ensure a relatively uniform diagnosis and help with disease prognosis of these disorders. The work presented is a novel, passive eccrine sweat based, electrochemical detection platform for quantification of NPY biomarker levels.

Computer-Assisted Tracking of Species.

The green algae is a model system for motility in unicellular organisms. Photo-, gravi-, and chemotaxis have previously been associated with , and observing the extent of these responses within a population of cells is crucial for refining our understanding of how this organism responds to changing environmental conditions. However, manually tracking and modeling a statistically viable number of samples of these microorganisms is an unreasonable task.

A Combinatorial Electrochemical Biosensor for Sweat Biomarker Benchmarking.

Misclassification of an acute disease condition as chronic and vice versa by electrochemical sweat biomarker sensors can cause significant psychological, emotional, and financial stress among patients. To achieve higher accuracy in distinguishing between a chronic condition and an acute condition, there is a need to establish a reference biomarker to index the actual chronic disease biomarker of interest by combinatorial sensing. This work provides the first technological proof of leveraging the chloride ion content in sweat for a combinatorial sweat biomarker benchmarking scheme.

CortiWatch: watch-based cortisol tracker.

Sweat-based analytics have recently caught the attention of researchers and medical professionals alike because they do not require professionally trained personnel or invasive collection techniques to obtain a sample. The following presents a small form-factor biosensor for reporting physiological ranges of cortisol present in ambient sweat (8-151 ng/ml). This device obtains cortisol measurements through low volumes of unstimulated sweat from the user's wrist.

¹H NMR metabolic profiling of plasma reveals additional phenotypes in knockout mouse models.

The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium program has been established to ascribe biological functions to systematically knocked-out (KO) genes by in vivo and ex vivo phenotyping. The plasma clinical chemistry screen includes an assessment of liver, kidney, and bone function and provides a basic lipid profile and histopathology reports on 32 tissues. We report on the inclusion of plasma analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy.

The role of biodegradable stents in the management of benign and malignant oesophageal strictures: A cohort study.

Background: Oesophageal strictures can be caused by benign or malignant processes. Up to 10% of patients with a benign stricture are refractory to pneumatic dilatation and may benefit from biodegradable stent (BD) insertion. Biodegradable stents also have a role in malignant oesophageal strictures to facilitate enteral nutrition while staging or neo-adjuvant treatment is completed.

Hybrid modeling for quality by design and PAT-benefits and challenges of applications in biopharmaceutical industry.

This report highlights the drivers, challenges, and enablers of the hybrid modeling applications in biopharmaceutical industry. It is a summary of an expert panel discussion of European academics and industrialists with relevant scientific and engineering backgrounds. Hybrid modeling is viewed in its broader sense, namely as the integration of different knowledge sources in form of parametric and nonparametric models into a hybrid semi-parametric model, for instance the integration of fundamental and data-driven models.

The role of esophageal stents in the management of esophageal anastomotic leaks and benign esophageal perforations.

Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the safety and effectiveness of esophageal stents in the management of benign esophageal perforation and in the management of esophageal anastomotic leaks.

Background: Benign esophageal perforation and postoperative esophageal anastomotic leak are often encountered. Endoscopic placement of esophageal stent across the site of leakage might help control the sepsis and reduce the mortality and morbidity.

Endoscopic ultrasound in Barrett's oesophagitis with dysplasia.

Purpose: With the advent of conservative therapies including photodynamic therapy and endoscopic mucosal resection for Barrett's and high grade dysplasia, accurate staging has become increasingly important. We report our experience with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in these patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of 25 consecutive patients referred for EUS for assessment of Barrett's with high grade dysplasia and /or stricture or polyp.

Management of phosgene-induced acute lung injury.

Context: Phosgene is a substance of immense importance in the chemical industry. Because of its widespread industrial use, there is potential for small-scale exposures within the workplace, large-scale accidental release, or even deliberate release into a built-up area.

Objective: This review aims to examine all published studies concerning potential treatments for phosgene-induced acute lung injury and incorporate them into up-to-date clinical guidance.

The effect of steroid treatment with inhaled budesonide or intravenous methylprednisolone on phosgene-induced acute lung injury in a porcine model.

Toxic industrial chemicals e.g., phosgene, are widely used as reactive intermediates in industrial processes.

Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis reconstruction using a free hamstring autograft.

Background: Chronic instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and its treatment is infrequently described in the literature. We report our results for treating this condition with a reconstruction based on restoration of near normal anatomy with a hamstring autograft.

Materials And Methods: Eight patients, who had chronic distal tibiofibular syndesmosis instability diagnosed arthroscopically underwent reconstruction of the distal anterior tibiofibular ligament and the transverse interosseus ligament using a free semi-tendinosis hamstring autograft.

Analyzing quantitative light scattering spectra of phantoms measured with optical coherence tomography.

We demonstrate the ability of multiple forms of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the frequency domain to quantitatively size scatterers. Combined with a variety of distinct phantoms, we gain insight into the measurement uncertainties associated with using scattering spectra to size scatterers. We size spherical scatterers on a surface using swept-source OCT with an analysis based on a simple slab-mode resonance model.

Evaluation of barrier creams against sulphur mustard: (II) In vivo and in vitro studies using the domestic white pig.

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that barrier creams, comprising perfluorinated polymers, are effective against the chemical warfare agent sulphur mustard (SM) when evaluated using human skin in vitro. The purpose of this follow-up study was to further evaluate three candidate (perfluorinated) barrier creams against SM (vapour) using the domestic white pig. The severity and progression of the resulting skin lesions were quantified daily for three weeks post-exposure using biophysical measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin reflectance spectroscopy (SRS).

Protective ventilation strategies in the management of phosgene-induced acute lung injury.

Phosgene is a chemical widely used in the plastics industry and has been used in warfare. It produces a life-threatening pulmonary edema within hours of exposure, to which no specific antidote exists. This study aims to examine the pathophysiological changes seen with low tidal volume ventilation (protective ventilation (PV)) strategies compared to conventional ventilation (CV), in a model of phosgene-induced acute lung injury.

Broadband electrical characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and contacts.

The electrical response of an individual multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and its contacts, welded to a coplanar waveguide (CPW), was measured up to 24 GHz using a technique that removes environment effects. This is the first time MWNT contact effects have been systematically isolated from the CPW. Each contact response was quite different and also showed a pronounced sensitivity to ambient light.

Ultrastructure of spore development in Scutellospora heterogama.

The ultrastructural detail of spore development in Scutellospora heterogama is described. Although the main ontogenetic events are similar to those described from light microscopy, the complexity of wall layering is greater when examined at an ultrastructural level. The basic concept of a rigid spore wall enclosing two inner, flexible walls still holds true, but there are additional zones within these three walls distinguishable using electron microscopy, including an inner layer that is involved in the formation of the germination shield.

The role of oximes in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning in civilian casualties.

There are important differences between on-target military attacks against relatively well protected Armed Forces and nerve agent attacks initiated by terrorists against a civilian population. In contrast to military personnel, civilians are unlikely to be pre-treated with pyridostigmine and protected by personal protective equipment. Furthermore, the time after exposure when specific therapy can first be administered to civilians is likely to be delayed.