Self-reported history of childhood vision impairment among older adults screened for dementia.

We investigated the relationship between self-reported history of visual impairment in youth and the development of dementia in later life using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) household survey, which included the Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD-8) screen. Adults with a reported history of childhood visual impairment were found to have significantly higher odds of positive dementia screening. After adjusting for confounders, we found a twofold increase in those reporting early visual impairment compared with those who did not report early visual impairment.

Using Real-World Data to Assess the Association of Retinal Detachment With Topical Pilocarpine Use.

Purpose: To examine the association between topical pilocarpine and the risk of new-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: We used an aggregated electronic health records research network, TriNetX, to examine the risk of RRD (ICD-10: H33.

Advancing Patient Education in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: The Promise of Large Language Models.

Background And Objectives: We evaluated the performance of 3 large language models (LLMs) in generating patient education materials (PEMs) and enhancing the readability of prewritten PEMs on idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study compared 3 LLMs, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Bard, for their ability to generate PEMs on IIH using 3 prompts.

Proteomic Analysis of Aqueous Humor in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Unveiling Novel Insights Into Disease Pathophysiology.

Purpose: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ocular emergency that results from acute blockage of the blood supply to the retina and leads to a sudden vision loss. Other forms of ischemic retinopathies include diabetic retinopathy (DR), which involves chronic retinal ischemia and remains the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. This study is the first to conduct a proteomic analysis of aqueous humor (AH) from patients with CRAO with a comparative analysis using vitreous humor (VH) samples from patients with DR.

Transmembrane protein 53 craniotubular dysplasia (OMIM # 619727): The skeletal disease and consequent blindness of this new disorder.

Craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type (OMIM #619727) denotes the autosomal recessive skeletal disease identified in 2021 featuring blindness acquired in childhood. Five young members of four Indian families harbored a homozygous indel within TMEM53 (OMIM *619722), the gene that encodes transmembrane protein 53 (TMEM53). When intact, TMEM53 spans the nuclear envelope of osteoprogenitor cells, dampens BMP-SMAD signaling, and thereby slows bone formation.

Quality, Reliability, Readability, and Accountability of Online Information on Leukocoria.

Purpose: To evaluate the quality, reliability, and readability of online patient educational materials on leukocoria.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Google search engine was searched for the terms "leukocoria" and "white pupil." The first 50 search outcomes were evaluated for each search term based on predefined inclusion criteria, excluding duplicates, peer-reviewed papers, forum posts, paywalled content, and multimedia links.

Quality, Reliability, and Readability of Online Information on Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: To evaluate the quality & reliability, technical quality, and readability of patient-targeted online information on idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we searched Google and Bing search engines for the terms "idiopathic intracranial hypertension" and "pseudotumor cerebri." We evaluated the first 50 search outcomes for each search term.

Risk of abducens nerve palsy following COVID-19 vaccination.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and risk of new-onset abducens nerve palsy and acute-onset diplopia following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: In this retrospective, population-based study, patient data from the COVID-19 Research Network of TriNetX was searched via the TriNetX Analytics platform for patients who received specific vaccinations based on Common Procedural Technology codes. We recorded instances of newly diagnosed abducens nerve palsy and diplopia within 21 days following each vaccination event.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ocular trauma in American infants and toddlers.

Purpose: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant and toddler ocular trauma in the United States.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of ocular injury data for children ≤3 years of age focused on epidemiologic trends in pediatric ocular injuries in the United States caused by consumer products from 2017 to 2021 and compared differences between pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) time periods. Data were collected from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, which includes emergency department visits caused by consumer product-related injuries from a nationally representative sample of hospitals.

Role of myeloid cells in ischemic retinopathies: recent advances and unanswered questions.

Myeloid cells including microglia and macrophages play crucial roles in retinal homeostasis by clearing cellular debris and regulating inflammation. These cells are activated in several blinding ischemic retinal diseases including diabetic retinopathy, where they may exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurovascular function and angiogenesis. Myeloid cells impact the progression of retinal pathologies and recent studies suggest that targeting myeloid cells is a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate diabetic retinopathy and other ischemic retinal diseases.

Substantial decline of phasic dopamine signaling in senescent male rats does not impact dopamine-dependent Pavlovian conditioning.

Normal aging is associated with cognitive decline which impacts financial decision making. One of the underlying features of decision making is probability estimation, in which nucleus accumbens dopamine signaling has been implicated. Here we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to probe for age differences in dopamine signaling, and pharmacological manipulation to test for age differences in the dopamine dependence of Pavlovian conditioning.

Levodopa reduces consumption of multiple classes of addictive substances in rats.

Dopamine transmission is implicated in aberrant behaviors associated with substance use disorders. Previous research revealed a causal link between excessive drug consumption and the loss of dopamine signaling to stimuli associated with psychostimulant use. The emerging change in dopamine signaling is specific to stimuli associated with the substance rather than the pharmacological properties of the drug itself.

Ophthalmology Faculty Diversity Trends in the US.

Importance: Enhancing the diversity of ophthalmologists can potentially contribute to diminishing disparities in eye care.

Objectives: To investigate longitudinal trends in the representation of individuals underrepresented in medicine (URiM) and women among ophthalmology faculty compared with other specialties and to assess disparities between ophthalmology faculty demographic characteristics and the US population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, a comprehensive analysis of Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster data between 2000 and 2021 was conducted, using data from the US Medical School Faculty report on 56 438 ophthalmology faculty members.

Shear wave elastography of the ulnar collateral ligament in division IA pitchers across a competitive collegiate season.

Background: The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is a commonly injured elbow stabilizer during throwing. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a technique that may reveal structural changes in the UCL that are indicative of ligament health and injury risk. The purpose of this study was to assess preseason and inseason shear wave velocity (SWV) in the UCL of collegiate pitchers and to asses repeatability of this measurement technique in healthy volunteers.

A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Base-in Relieving Prism Spectacle Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia.

Significance: This pilot randomized trial, the first to evaluate a specific base-in relieving prism treatment strategy for childhood intermittent exotropia, did not support proceeding to a full-scale clinical trial. Defining and measuring prism adaptation in children with intermittent exotropia are challenging and need further study.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether to proceed to a full-scale trial of relieving base-in prism spectacles versus refractive correction alone for children with intermittent exotropia.

Cocaine Seeking And Taking Are Oppositely Regulated By Dopamine.

In some individuals, drug-associated cues subsume potent control of behavior, such as the elicitation of drug craving and automatized drug use. The intensity of this cue reactivity is highly predictive of relapse and other clinical outcomes in substance use disorders. It has been postulated that this cue reactivity is driven by augmentation of dopamine release over the course of chronic drug use.

Utility of balanced steady-state field precession sequence in the evaluation of retinal and subdural hemorrhages in patients with abusive head trauma.

Abusive head trauma is the leading cause of physical child abuse deaths in children under 5 years of age in the United States. To evaluate suspected child abuse, radiologic studies are typically the first to identify hallmark findings of abusive head trauma including intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral edema, and ischemic injury. Prompt evaluation and diagnosis are necessary as findings may change rapidly.

Sexually dimorphic development of the mesolimbic dopamine system is associated with nuanced sensitivity to adolescent alcohol use.

Alcohol use remains a major public health concern and is especially prevalent during adolescence. Adolescent alcohol use has been linked to several behavioral abnormalities in later life, including increased risk taking and impulsivity. Accordingly, when modeled in animals, male rats that had moderate alcohol consumption during adolescence exhibit multiple effects in adulthood, including increased risk taking, altered incentive learning, and greater release of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway.

COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review of 45 Patients.

We provide a systematic review of published cases of optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. We used Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Search terms included: “COVID-19 vaccination”, “optic neuropathy”, “optic neuritis”, and “ischemic optic neuropathy”.