Effect of Prior Embolization on Outcomes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: An International Multicenter Study.

Background: Pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a significant cause of morbidity but the role of multimodal therapy in the treatment of these lesions is not well understood.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with and without prior embolization for pediatric AVMs.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation pediatric AVM database.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on STEMI care: An expanded analysis from the United States.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic migitation measures on of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care.

Background: We previously reported a 38% decline in cardiac catheterization activations during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures. This study extends our early observations using a larger sample of STEMI programs representative of different US regions with the inclusion of more contemporary data.

Early obliteration of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations after stereotactic radiosurgery: an international multicenter study.

Objective: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a treatment option for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and early obliteration could encourage SRS utilization for a subset of particularly radiosensitive lesions. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of early obliteration after SRS for pediatric AVMs.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective review of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM database.

Early Anti-Xa Assay-Guided Low Molecular Weight Heparin Chemoprophylaxis Is Safe in Adult Patients with Acute Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study evaluated the safety of early anti-factor Xa assay-guided enoxaparin dosing for chemoprophylaxis in patients with TBI. We hypothesized that assay-guided chemoprophylaxis would be comparable in the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) progression to fixed dosing. An observational analysis of adult patients with blunt traumatic brain injury (TBI) was performed at a Level I trauma center from August 2016 to September 2017.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes.

Objective: Contrary to the better described obliteration- and hemorrhage-related data after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in pediatric patients, estimates of the rarer complications, including cyst and tumor formation, are limited in the literature. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term outcomes and risks of SRS for AVMs in pediatric patients (age < 18 years).

Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation pediatric AVM database for the years 1987 to 2018.

Radiosurgery for Unruptured Intervention-Naïve Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background: Long-term data regarding stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as a standalone therapy for unruptured pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are incompletely defined.

Objective: To evaluate, in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, the outcomes after SRS for unruptured, intervention-naïve pediatric AVMs.

Methods: To retrospectively analyze the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation pediatric AVM database from 1987 to 2018.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Unruptured Versus Ruptured Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background and Purpose- The effects of prior hemorrhage on stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) outcomes for pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are not well defined. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study is to compare the SRS outcomes for unruptured versus ruptured pediatric AVMs. Methods- The International Radiosurgery Research Foundation pediatric AVM database from 1987 to 2018 was reviewed retrospectively.

Endovascular and Microsurgical Aneurysm Training in a Chicken Thigh and Leg Pulsatile Model.

Background: Neurovascular training models include animal models, synthetics, or computer simulation. In vivo models are expensive and require significant resources. Synthetic/computer models do not reflect the elasticity of fresh vessels.

Effect of treatment period on outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study.

Objective: The role of and technique for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have evolved over the past four decades. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study was to compare the SRS outcomes of AVMs treated during different time periods.

Methods: The authors selected patients with AVMs who underwent single-session SRS at 8 different centers from 1988 to 2014 with follow-up ≥ 6 months.

Early Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis After Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Background: Venous thromboembolism is a common complication of traumatic brain injury with an estimated incidence of 25% when chemoprophylaxis is delayed. The timing of initiating prophylaxis is controversial given the concern for hemorrhage expansion.

Objective: To determine the safety of initiating venous thromboembolic event (VTE) chemoprophylaxis within 24 h of presentation.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade IV and V arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE Due to the complexity of Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade IV-V arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the management of these lesions remains controversial. The aims of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the outcomes after single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for SM Grade IV-V AVMs and determine predictive factors. METHODS The authors retrospectively pooled data from 233 patients (mean age 33 years) with SM Grade IV (94.

Maximizing Interhospital Transfer Resources for Neurosurgical Patients.

Background: Delays in patient transfers are associated with worse outcomes for some neurosurgical conditions. One of the primary causes of transfer delay is lack of neurosurgery intensive care unit bed availability. In the present study, we characterize the results of implementing an interhospital transfer protocol to reduce unnecessary transfers and improve bed availability.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for ARUBA (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations)-Eligible Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicenter Study.

Objective: ARUBA (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations) found better short-term outcomes after conservative management compared with intervention for unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, because Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade I-II AVMs have the lowest treatment morbidity, sufficient follow-up of these lesions may show a long-term benefit from intervention. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study is to assess the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for ARUBA-eligible SM grade I-II AVMs.

International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 2: Outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery.

OBJECTIVE Pediatric patients (age < 18 years) harboring brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are burdened with a considerably higher cumulative lifetime risk of hemorrhage than adults. Additionally, the pediatric population was excluded from recent prospective comparisons of intervention versus conservative management for unruptured AVMs. The aims of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study are to analyze the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for unruptured and ruptured pediatric AVMs.

International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation.

OBJECTIVE Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the most common cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric patients (age < 18 years). Since the cumulative lifetime risk of AVM hemorrhage is considerable in children, an improved understanding of the risk factors influencing hemorrhagic presentation may aid in the management of pediatric AVMs. The aims of this first of a 2-part multicenter, retrospective cohort study are to evaluate the incidence and determine the predictors of hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric AVM patients.

Assessment of acute head injury in an emergency department population using sport concussion assessment tool - 3rd edition.

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 3 (SCAT-3) is one of the most widely researched concussion assessment tools in athletes. Here normative data for SCAT3 in nonathletes are presented. The SCAT3 was administered to 98 nonathlete healthy controls, as well as 118 participants with head-injury and 46 participants with other body trauma (OI) presenting to the ED.

Early versus late arteriovenous malformation responders after stereotactic radiosurgery: an international multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE The goal of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is complete nidus obliteration, thereby eliminating the risk of future hemorrhage. This outcome can be observed within the first 18 months, although documentation of AVM obliteration can extend to as much as 5 years after SRS is performed. A shorter time to obliteration may impact the frequency and effect of post-SRS complications and latency hemorrhage.

Delayed hemorrhage from the tissue of an occluded arteriovenous malformation after stereotactic radiosurgery: report of 3 cases.

Stereotactic radiosurgery is widely used to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with the goal of complete angiographic obliteration. A number of case series have challenged the assumption that absence of residual AVM on follow-up angiograms is consistent with elimination of the risk of hemorrhage. The authors describe 3 cases in which patients who had angiographic evidence of AVM occlusion presented with late hemorrhage in the area of their prior lesions.

Posterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm Presenting with Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis.

Rupture of isolated posterior spinal artery (PSA) aneurysms is a rare cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that presents unique diagnostic challenges owing to a nuanced clinical presentation. Here, we report on the diagnosis and management of the first known case of an isolated PSA aneurysm in the context of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A 53-year-old male presented to an outside institution with acute bilateral lower extremity paralysis 9 days after admission for recurrent cellulitis.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE Because of the angioarchitectural diversity of Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the management of these lesions is incompletely defined. The aims of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for SM Grade III AVMs and to determine the factors predicting these outcomes. METHODS The authors analyzed and pooled data from patients with SM Grade III AVMs treated with SRS at 8 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation.

Epidural Blood Patch Performed for Severe Intracranial Hypotension Following Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery. Retrospective Series and Literature Review.

Intracranial hypotension (IH) can occur following lumbar drainage for clipping of an intracranial aneurysm. We observed 3 cases of IH, which were all successfully treated by epidural blood patch (EBP). Herein, the authors report our cases.

Tranexamic Acid for Treatment of Residual Subdural Hematoma After Bedside Twist-Drill Evacuation.

Background: Management of nonemergent, nonacute subdural hematomas (SDHs) ranges from observation to burr-hole evacuation or craniotomy, but recurrence rates are high. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) for the treatment of residual SDHs after bedside twist-drill evacuation.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database from November 2013 to November 2014 for all patients who underwent placement of a bedside subdural evacuating port system (SEPS) followed by treatment with oral TXA (650 mg daily).

Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: evaluation of long-term outcomes in a multicenter cohort.

OBJECTIVE In this multicenter study, the authors reviewed the results following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), determined predictors of outcome, and assessed predictive value of commonly used grading scales based upon this large cohort with long-term follow-up. METHODS Data from a cohort of 2236 patients undergoing GKRS for cerebral AVMs were compiled from the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration and no posttreatment hemorrhage or permanent symptomatic radiation-induced complications.