Is It Safe to Prep the External Fixator In Situ During Second-Stage Pilon Surgical Treatment?

Objective: To evaluate the infection rate of our protocol of prepping the external fixator in situ during definitive second-stage pilon fracture open reduction internal fixation.

Design: Retrospective clinical investigation.

Setting: Academic Level 1 Trauma Center.

Decomposition of nitrosamines in CO2 capture by aqueous piperazine or monoethanolamine.

Amine scrubbing is an efficient method for carbon capture and sequestration, but secondary amines present in all amine solvents can form carcinogenic nitrosamines. Decomposition kinetics for n-nitrosopiperazine (MNPZ), nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), and nitroso-(2-hydroxyethyl) glycine (NHeGly) were measured over a range of temperature, base concentration, base strength, and CO2 loading pertinent to amine scrubbing. MNPZ and NDELA decomposition is first order in the nitrosamine, half order in base concentration, and base-catalyzed with a Brønsted slope of β = 0.

The synthesis and the chemical and physical properties of non-aqueous silylamine solvents for carbon dioxide capture.

Silylamine reversible ionic liquids were designed to achieve specific physical properties in order to address effective CO₂ capture. The reversible ionic liquid systems reported herein represent a class of switchable solvents where a relatively non-polar silylamine (molecular liquid) is reversibly transformed to a reversible ionic liquid (RevIL) by reaction with CO₂ (chemisorption). The RevILs can further capture additional CO₂ through physical absorption (physisorption).

Role of initial protein phosphorylation events and localized release-activated calcium influx in B cell antigen receptor signaling.

An increase in intracellular calcium concentration is one of the major initial steps in B cell activation following antigen receptor (BCR) ligation. We show herein that in C57BL/6 murine B lymphocytes and in model cell lines, BCR-mediated calcium ion (Ca(2+)) influx occurs via highly selective Ca(2+) release-activated channels, and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) plays an important role in this pathway. We also demonstrate the temporal relation between Ca(2+)-dependent signaling events and formation of the immune synapse.

Meta-analysis of interventions to increase physical activity among cardiac subjects.

Background: Extensive primary research has tested interventions to increase physical activity (PA) among adults with cardiovascular disease. This meta-analysis integrates the extant research about how to increase PA in cardiac samples.

Methods: Extensive literature searching located published and unpublished intervention studies that measured PA outcomes.

Meta-analysis of health behavior change interventions in type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: To meta-analyze research testing interventions to improve health behaviors including exercise among adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Multiple literature-searching strategies identified published and unpublished studies reporting glycated hemoglobin outcomes. Fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses included moderator effects.

Physical activity interventions among adults with arthritis: meta-analysis of outcomes.

Objective: Due to reduced physical activity, adults with arthritis experience significant disability and comorbidities including cardiovascular disease. This meta-analytic review integrates results from primary research studies testing interventions to increase physical activity in arthritis patients.

Methods: Extensive literature searching strategies were employed to locate published and unpublished empirical studies testing physical activity interventions.

Meta-analysis of the effect of exercise interventions on fitness outcomes among adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

This review applied meta-analytic procedures to integrate primary research that examined exercise fitness outcomes among adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We used extensive literature searching strategies to locate published and unpublished intervention studies that tested exercise interventions. We conducted meta-analytic procedures using both fixed- and random-effects models.

A meta-analysis of exercise interventions among people treated for cancer.

Goal: This review applied meta-analytic procedures to integrate primary research findings that tested exercise interventions among people treated for cancer.

Methods: Extensive literature searching strategies located published and unpublished intervention studies that tested exercise interventions with at least five participants (k = 30). Primary study results were coded.

Detection of bovine torovirus and other enteric pathogens in feces from diarrhea cases in cattle.

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of bovine torovirus (BoTV) in bovine fecal samples from diarrhea cases submitted to the Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (ADDL) and to assess if a relationship exists between BoTV and the other enteric pathogens detected. From November 1999 to May 2001, 259 specimens from 53 calves (< or = 6 months old), 27 young adults (52 years), 125 adults (> or = 2 years), and 54 animals of unknown age were examined by an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay developed to detect BoTV. Testing for other enteric pathogens was performed by ADDL, and the results were analyzed with the BoTV data.

Association of enteric shedding of bovine torovirus (Breda virus) and other enteropathogens with diarrhea in veal calves.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, fecal shedding pattern, and association of bovine torovirus (BoTV) with diarrhea in veal calves at time of arrival and periodically throughout the first 35 days after their arrival on a veal farm.

Animals: 62 veal calves.

Procedure: Fecal samples collected on days 0, 4, 14, and 35 after arrival were tested for BoTV by use of ELISA and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.

Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in an Ohio feedlot.

Recently, bovine coronavirus (BCV) has been isolated from new cattle arrivals to feedlots, but the association between respiratory and enteric infections with BCV in feedlot cattle remains uncertain. Fecal and nasal swab samples from 85 Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) feedlot cattle averaging 7 months of age were collected at arrival (0) and at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postarrival (DPA). An antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect concurrent shedding of BCV in fecal and nasal samples.

Systemic and intestinal antibody secreting cell responses and protection in gnotobiotic pigs immunized orally with attenuated Wa human rotavirus and Wa 2/6-rotavirus-like-particles associated with immunostimulating complexes.

The undesirable side effects and variable efficacy of some oral live rotavirus vaccines in infants have necessitated alternative vaccine approaches. We evaluated a recombinant RFVP2/WaVP6 rotavirus-like-particle (2/6VLP) oral vaccine, using an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) matrix as adjuvant, in a gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of human rotavirus (HRV) disease. The 2/6VLPs adhered to the ISCOM-matrix (2/6VLP-ISCOM ) and were antigenic, but they failed to induce protection.