Clinical Application of the "Glenoid Track" Concept for Defining Humeral Head Engagement in Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Preliminary Report.

Background: The optimal treatment of Hill-Sachs injuries is difficult to determine and is potentiated by the finding that a Hill-Sachs injury becomes more important in the setting of glenoid bone loss, making engagement of the humeral head on the glenoid inherently easier. The "glenoid track" concept was developed to biomechanically quantify the effects of a combined glenoid and humeral head bony defects on instability.

Purpose: To clinically evaluate humeral head engagement on the glenoid by utilizing glenoid track measurements of both humeral head and glenoid bone loss.

Pectoralis major muscle rupture repair: technique using unicortical buttons.

Over the past few decades, there has been increased awareness of pectoralis major muscle injuries necessitating further evaluation of management options and, in particular, surgical repair. Injury typically occurs when an eccentric load is applied to the muscle, such as with bench pressing, and failure usually occurs through the tendon. Although nonoperative management is sometimes appropriate, given the injury's propensity for young, active male patients, surgical intervention is often warranted.

The Hill-Sachs lesion: diagnosis, classification, and management.

The Hill-Sachs lesion is an osseous defect of the humeral head that is typically associated with anterior shoulder instability. The incidence of these lesions in the setting of glenohumeral instability is relatively high and approaches 100% in persons with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Reverse Hill-Sachs lesion has been described in patients with posterior shoulder instability.

Sensitivity of the saline load test with and without methylene blue dye in the diagnosis of artificial traumatic knee arthrotomies.

Objectives: To determine whether methylene blue dye significantly improves the sensitivity of the saline load test for detection of a traumatic arthrotomy of the knee.

Design: Randomized, prospective.

Setting: Orthopaedic department, tertiary care medical center.