The influence of breathing pattern during nebulization on the delivery of arformoterol using a breath simulator.

Background: Patients with obstructive airway conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), use nebulizers for drug delivery. Tidal breathing patterns employed by patients during nebulized drug delivery may vary. It is unclear whether different breathing patterns affect the emitted quantity of nebulized drug.

Output and aerosol properties of 5 nebulizer/compressor systems with arformoterol inhalation solution.

Background: Arformoterol, the (R,R) isomer of formoterol, is approved as an inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multiple nebulizer systems are commercially available. Different nebulizers can differ significantly in drug output, which may impact drug delivery and clinical efficacy.

Numerical calibration of the Andersen cascade impactor using a single jet model.

A single jet model is described and used to analyze the performance of an 8-stage Andersen cascade impactor (ACI). The two-dimensional axisymmetric jet flow field was calculated numerically by solving the Navier-Stokes equations and particle trajectories were then analyzed to obtain the collection efficiency curves at different flow rates. The resulting efficiency curves and corresponding cutoff diameters were compared and found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data.