Long term complications of costochondral graft reconstruction in temporomandibular joint ankylosis of the young- a systematic review.

Costochondral graft has been a popular reconstruction choice in the past for temporomandibular joint ankylosis in young individuals. However, accounts of growth hampering complications have also been observed. Our systematic review aims to compile all existing evidence to determine the occurrence of these unfavourable clinical outcomes as well as factors affecting them to provide a better judgement on further use of these grafts.

Management of paediatric ankylosis.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJa) is one of the most crippling craniomaxillofacial pathological conditions characterized by replacement of normal architecture of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with fibrous or bony tissue. The incidence of TMJa is most common in the paediatric population [first and second decades of life] and is commonly associated with maxillofacial trauma. Comprehensive management entails a thorough evaluation of the associated anatomy of the ankylotic mass and other pertinent details like the presence or absence of obstructive sleep apnoea.

Deep Learning Based Capsule Neural Network Model for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Mammogram Images.

Breast cancer is a commonly occurring disease in women all over the world. Mammogram is an efficient technique used for screening and identification of abnormalities over the breast region. Earlier identification of breast cancer enhances the prognosis of patients and is mainly based on the experience of the radiologist in interpretation of mammogram with quality of image.

Role of Superficial Cervical Plexus Nerve Block as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthesia in the Maxillofacial Surgical Practice.

Purpose: Infiltration techniques are used as an adjuvant to regional anesthesia. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the superficial cervical plexus nerve block, as an alternative to local infiltration techniques; in the management of mandibular fractures and peri-mandibular space infections.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 24 patients having either mandibular fractures or peri-mandibular space infections; and were scheduled for surgery under regional anesthesia (eg, inferior alveolar nerve block, long buccal nerve block).

Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgical Treatment Outcomes.

Aim: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) management involves many surgical treatment modalities depending on the experience of the operator. A lot of literature has been published on various treatment modalities. Many systematic reviews (SRs) were published without any published prior protocol.

The Pterygoid Hamulus Syndrome - An Important Differential in Orofacial Pain.

The purpose of this review was to document cases of pterygoid hamulus (PH) syndrome and to describe the various etiology, differential diagnosis, and management strategies so far reported in literature. Here, we also present two case reports of PH syndrome. A comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline database was done using MeSH terms such as "Pterygoid Hamulus," "Pterygoid Hamulus Syndrome," and "Hamular Bursitis" using various Boolean operators such as "AND" and "OR".

A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Buccal Infiltration of 4% Articaine with Buccal and Palatal Infiltration of 2% Lignocaine for the Extraction of Maxillary Premolar Teeth.

Introduction: The use of articaine has been claimed to obviate the need for routine palatal local anesthetic injections on account of its better diffusion through soft and hard tissues as compared to other local anesthetic agents.

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of 4% articaine (with 1:100,000 adrenaline) infiltrated only buccally in the extraction of maxillary premolars for orthodontic reasons.

Materials And Methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial with a split-mouth design, where each patient ( = 100) was part of two groups, was conducted.

Current Orthognathic Practice in India: Do We Need to Change?

The last decade or so has seen paradigm shifts in the various aspects of orthognathic surgery. A lot of these changes are to do with digitalization of the orthodontic-surgical workflow, optimization of surgery-first protocols, virtual surgical planning-based 3D printing solutions and changing patient-health-care dynamics. The aim of this article is to provide evidence-based recommendations that are both practical and economically viable for the current orthognathic practice in India.

Modified Cut for Gap Arthroplasty in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a debilitating disease affecting the function, esthetics and psychology of the patient. Treatment of this condition aims at establishing not only the function and esthetics but also aims to prevent reankylosis. Among the different treatment modalities, interpositional gap arthroplasty followed by aggressive jaw physiotherapy is considered most effective.

Unusually rare occurrence and recurrence of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and oral submucous fibrosis simultaneously in a patient: A surgeon's dilemma.

We here present a rare case of simultaneous occurrence and recurrence of TMJ ankylosis and submucous fibrosis in the same patient. Patient presented with limited mouth opening at both occasions. However, the diagnosis of submucous fibrosis was overlooked at the first presentation.

Combined endoscopic and intra-oral approach for chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin-a prospective clinical study.

Aims And Objectives: The traditional Caldwell-Luc approach for maxillary diseases has been criticized for its shortcomings such as removal of a large amount of bone, numbness of the teeth, flap dehiscence, and recurrent sinusitis. On account of its minimal invasiveness and physiological approach, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has come to replace the Caldwell-Luc approach for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin (CMSDO) is a less common variant on the chronic rhinosinusitis spectrum whose treatment involves simultaneous management of both the diseased maxillary sinus and the dental source of infection.

Intraoperative Manipulation of Bony Segments: An Innovative Method.

Introduction: Various methods are deployed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon to control the osteotomised/ fractured bony segments intraoperatively till the time a stable fixation in the desired position is achieved. Few of these include the use of bone holding crocodile forceps, towel clips, reduction forceps, wires, digital control (Thota and Mitchell in Br J Orthod 26(4):325, 1999). In our technique, we present the use of an IMF screw to manipulate bony segments intraoperatively.

Pre-arthroplastic mandibular distraction osteogenesis for the correction of OSA in TMJ ankylosis: a prospective observational study of 25 cases.

Introduction: In severe TMJ ankylosis cases, the lack of growth of the mandible creates an anatomically narrow airway with a reduced pharyngeal airway space [PAS] which predisposes these patients towards obstructive apnoea [OSA]. There is evidence in the literature that such patients experience severe discomfort during physiotherapy if such airway abnormalities are not corrected prior to ankylosis release. This eventually leads to non-compliance towards physiotherapy and increases the risk of re-ankylosis.

Versatility of uniplanar prearthoplastic distraction osteogenesis in the correction of post-ankylosis facial deformities-a report of five different cases.

Purpose: Unilateral or bilateral ankylosis can lead to severe micrognathia and facial deformity that requires multiple, often, staged surgical corrections. To date, there is no ideal treatment modality that satisfactorily corrects the complex anatomy, restores the ramal height, and corrects the micrognathia and microgenia. Distraction osteogenesis has been acclaimed as a successful modality for the treatment of such deformities.

Arch bars in the mouth for 17 years - A case report.

Arch bars are commonly used in maxillofacial surgery but their intraoral presence for an extremely long period is quite uncommon or rare. So when such a patient reports and denies having any complaints all these years, the question that presents is, how is this possible? What kept the patient so long? A review of the existing literature shows, despite being common in trauma care, failure to follow-up has not received the due attention. This study retrospectively reviews the various factors implicated for failure to follow-up and the proposed corrective measures.

To determine the efficacy of ultrasonography in the evaluation of bone fill at the regenerate site for mandibular distraction osteogenesis over clinical and radiographic assessment- An in vivo prospective study.

Until date conventional radiographs and computed tomography are the preferred diagnostic modalities to monitor the distraction osteogenesis regenerate. But these techniques do not detect the ongoing osteogenic process; moreover they obligate the patient to serial radiation exposure. In addition, anatomic overlap and metal artifacts obscure the virtual findings.

Adult Rhabdomyoma of the Tongue in a Child: Report of a Case and a Literature Appraisal.

Rhabdomyoma, by definition is a benign muscle tumour.. Rhabdomyomas constitute 2% of all myogenous neoplasms.

Low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential risk factor for bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw [BIONJ] is a relatively new pathological condition which was first described in the year 2003. The prevalence of BIONJ in patients on oral formulations is around 0.05% within the first 3 years and increases up to 0.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour: A case report and a clinical update.

The Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a heterogeneous group of rare lesions consisting predominantly of inflammatory cells and myofibroblastic spindle cells. Head and neck IMTs account for 14 to 18% of extra-pulmonary IMTs [lungs being the most commonly affected regions]. On account of its ambiguous clinical presentation, an IMT needs to be differentiated from other infectious, granulomatous, autoimmune and neoplastic lesions on the basis of histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical analysis.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy - A rare entity.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) is rare, rapidly growing, pigmented neoplasm of neural crest origin. It is generally accepted as a benign tumour despite of its rapid and locally destructive growth. It primarily affects the maxilla of infants during the first year of life.

Comparison of the efficacy of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) with pioglitazone on dexamethasone-induced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in albino rats.

To evaluate the efficacy of cardamom with pioglitazone on dexamethasone-induced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in albino rats. There were four groups of 6 rats each. First group received dexamethasone alone in a dose of 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 6 days to induce metabolic changes and considered as dexamethasone control.

Comparison of the efficacy of liraglutide with pioglitazone on dexamethasone induced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia in albino rats.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of liraglutide with pioglitazone for prevention of dexamethasone induced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in Albino rats.

Materials And Methods: There were four groups of six rats each. First group received dexamethasone alone in a dose of 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 6 days to induce metabolic changes and considered as dexamethasone control.