Derived false memories using a respondent-type (ReT) procedure.

The present investigation used a respondent-type (ReT) training procedure to generate derived false memories. A one-to-many ReT training procedure was implemented in order to establish two stimulus equivalence classes, each consisting of one shape and 24 random words (i.e.

Contextual influence over deriving another's false beliefs using a relational triangulation perspective taking protocol (RT-PTP-M2).

The original relational triangulation perspective taking protocol (RT-PTP-M1; Guinther, ) was extended with a second training and testing module (RT-PTP-M2) showing contextual influence over derivation of another's "false beliefs" during an analog of the Sally-Anne test for Theory of Mind (Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Frith, ; Wimmer & Perner, ) in verbally competent adults. Under the respective contextual control of experimental stimuli X and X , participants first learned through direct conditioning procedures that avatars A and A "behave the same way" towards target stimuli. Participants then made object discriminations under X according to the spatial perspective of A , who saw an initial target at a particular location but could not see that the target was later swapped with a second target; reporting the identity of the initial target was reinforced for participants.

Is shame a proximal trigger for drinking? A daily process study with a community sample.

Between-subjects studies show that people with higher levels of shame tend to experience more negative drinking-related consequences than people with lower levels of shame. However, within-subjects studies of the association between daily fluctuations in shame and subsequent drinking have yielded mixed findings. This study aimed to resolve these inconsistencies by examining the association between daily fluctuations in shame, between-subjects differences in shame, and subsequent evening alcohol consumption in a sample of 70 community-dwelling drinkers.

Contextual influence over deriving others' true beliefs using a relational triangulation perspective-taking protocol (RT-PTP-M1).

This paper introduces the relational triangulation framework as a functional contextual expansion of the established Relational Frame Theory (Hayes, Barnes-Holmes, & Roche, 2001) account of perspective-taking. Initial support for the new framework is provided through data collected with a novel relational triangulation perspective-taking protocol configured in the present study to show contextual influence over deriving true belief in others following the direct training of a "seeing leads to knowing" repertoire (Leslie & Frith, 1988). Eight verbally competent adults were directly trained to make operant discriminations on a first set of target stimuli (i.

Subjective organization, verbal learning, and forgetting across the life span: from 5 to 89.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Previous tests of the relationship between subjective organization during encoding, aging, and recall have produced inconsistent findings. The present study investigates subjective organization and the acquisition and recall of verbal material across the life span (from 5 to 89 years of age) using two measures, the intertrial repetition paired frequency (PF) measure and the unidirectional subjective organization (SO) measure.

Methods: Participants (N = 2656) were administered a version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, including a delayed recall trial.

Semantic false memories in the form of derived relational intrusions following training.

Contemporary behavior analytic research is making headway in characterizing memory phenomena that typically have been characterized by cognitive models, and the current study extends this development by producing "false memories" in the form of functional equivalence responding. A match-to-sample training procedure was administered in order to encourage participants to treat groups of unrelated English words as being interchangeable. Following training, participants were presented with a list of words from within one of the groups for a free recall test and a recognition test.

Age-related change in neural processing of time-dependent stimulus features.

Aging is associated with changes in automatic processing of task-irrelevant stimuli, and this may lead to functional disturbances including repeated orienting to nonnovel events and distraction from task. The effect of age on automatic processing of time-dependent stimulus features was investigated by measurement of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in younger (18-23) and older (55-85) adults. Amplitude of MMN recorded during a paradigm involving low-probability deviation in interstimulus interval (from 500 ms to 250 ms) was found to be reduced in the older group at fronto-central sites.

Comparison of sensory gating to mismatch negativity and self-reported perceptual phenomena in healthy adults.

To better understand the possible functional significance of electrophysiological sensory gating measures, response suppression of midlatency auditory event related potential (ERP) components was compared to the mismatch negativity (MMN) and to self-rated indices of stimulus filtering and passive attention-switching phenomena in an age-restricted sample of healthy adults. P1 sensory gating, measured during a paired-click paradigm, was correlated with MMN amplitude, measured during an acoustic oddball paradigm (intensity deviation). Also, individuals that exhibited less robust P1 suppression endorsed higher rates of "perceptual modulation" difficulties, whereas component N1 suppression was more closely related to "over-inclusion" of irrelevant sounds into the focus of attention.